|
Bashkir Alphabet
The Bashkir alphabet ( ba , Башҡорт алфавиты) is a writing system used for the Bashkir language. Until the mid-19th century, Bashkir speakers wrote in the Türki literary language using the Arabic script. In 1869, Russian linguist Mirsalikh Bekchurin published the first guide to Bashkir grammar, and the first Cyrillic Bashkir introductory book was published by Vasily Katarinsky in Orenburg in 1892. Latinisation was first discussed in June 1924, when the first draft of the Bashkir alphabet using the Latin script was created. More reforms followed, culminating in the final version in 1938. History Early period Until the mid-19th century, Bashkir speakers wrote in the Türki literary language using the Arabic script. Many works of Bashkir literature were written in Türki, including ''Bashkir shezhere'' ("Genealogies of the Bashkir People"), Batyrsha's ''Letter to Empress Elizaveta'', the orders of Salawat Yulayev, as well as works from the poets A. Kargaly, T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Language
Bashkir (, ; Bashkir: ''Bashqortsa'', ''Bashqort tele'', ) is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak branch. It is co-official with Russian in Bashkortostan. It is spoken by approximately 1.4 million native speakers in Russia, as well as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Estonia and other neighboring post-Soviet states, and among the Bashkir diaspora. It has three dialect groups: Southern, Eastern and Northwestern. Speakers Speakers of Bashkir mostly live in the republic of Bashkortostan (a republic within the Russian Federation). Many speakers also live in Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Oblasts and other regions of Russia. Minor Bashkir groups also live in Kazakhstan and other countries. Classification Bashkir together with Tatar belongs to the Bulgaric (russian: кыпчакско-булгарская) subgroups of the Kipchak languages. They share the same vocalism and the vowel shifts (see below) that make both languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short I
Short I (Й й; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is made of the Cyrillic letter И with a breve. The short I represents the palatal approximant like the pronunciation of in ''yesterday''. Depending on the romanization system in use and the Slavic language that is under examination, it can be romanized as , , or . For more details, see romanization of Russian, romanization of Ukrainian, romanization of Belarusian and romanization of Bulgarian. History Active use of (or, rather, the breve over ) began around the 15th and 16th centuries. Since the middle of the 17th century, the differentiation between and is obligatory in the Russian variant of Church Slavonic orthography (used for the Russian language as well). During the alphabet reforms of Peter I, all diacritic marks were removed from the Russian writing system, but shortly after his death, in 1735, the distinction between and was restored. was not officially considered a separate letter of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U With Diaeresis (Cyrillic)
U with diaeresis (Ӱ ӱ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Cyrillic letter U (У у ). U with diaeresis is used in the alphabets of the Altai, Khakas, Khanty, Mari and Shor languages, where it represents the close front rounded vowel , the pronunciation of the Latin letter U with umlaut (Ü ü) in German. It is also used in the Komi-Yodzyak language. Usage Cyrillic U with Diaeresis was formally used in The Rusyn language. Computing codes See also *Ü ü : Latin U with diaeresis - an Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Turkish, and Turkmen letter *Ư ư : Latin letter U with horn, used in Vietnamese alphabet *Y y : Latin letter Y *Ӳ ӳ : Cyrillic letter U with double acute *Ү ү : Cyrillic letter Ue *Ұ ұ : Cyrillic letter straight U with stroke ( Kazakh mid U) *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version 15.0 Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Qa
{{Cyrillic-alphabet-stub ...
Bashkir Qa or Bashkir Ka (Ҡ ҡ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is formed from the Cyrillic letter Ka (К к) with the top extending horizontally to the left. It is a letter corresponding to Қ in Siberian Tatar language. It is used in the alphabet of the Bashkir language and Siberian Tatar language, where it represents the voiceless uvular plosive . It is represented in the Arabic script as ق. Computing codes See also Other Cyrillic letters used to write the sound : *Қ қ : Cyrillic letter Ka with descender *Ӄ ӄ : Cyrillic letter Ka with hook *Ԟ ԟ : Cyrillic letter Aleut Ka *Ԛ ԛ : Cyrillic letter Qa *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version 15.0 Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characters * Cyrillic SupplementU+0500–U+052F 48 characters * Cyrillic Extended-AU+2DE0–U+2DFF 32 characters * Cyrillic Extended-BU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhe (Cyrillic)
Ze with descender (Ҙ ҙ; italics: ), or Dhe is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in both the Bashkir and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiced dental fricative and the voiced alveolar affricate respectively. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Ze (З з ''З з''). It is romanized as Z with acute ⟨ź⟩ for Bashkir, and corresponds with Ezh ⟨ʒ⟩ in the Latin script of the Wakhi language. The letter itself was introduced in 1939. Computing codes See also *З з : Cyrillic letter Ze *Ð ð : Latin letter Eth *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version 15.0 Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characters * Cyrillic SupplementU+0500–U+052F 48 characters * Cyrillic Extended-AU+2DE0–U+2DFF 32 characters * Cyrillic Extended-BU ... References {{Cyrillic-alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ze With Diaeresis
Ze with diaeresis (Ӟ ӟ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used only in the Udmurt language, where it represents the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are , , and , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_z\ a ... . It is usually romanized as ⟨đ⟩ but its ISO 9 transliteration is ⟨z̈⟩ Computing codes See also *З з : Cyrillic letter Ze *Ҙ ҙ : Cyrillic letter Dhe or Ze with descender *З̌ з̌ : Cyrillic letter Ze with caron *Z̈ z̈ : Latin letter Z with diaeresis * Cyrillic characters in Unicode References {{Cyrillic-alphabet-stub Cyrillic letters with diacritics Letters with diaeresis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oe (Cyrillic)
Oe or barred O (Ө ө; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Shape Its form was copied from the Latin letter barred O (Ɵ ɵ) used in Jaŋalif and other alphabets. Despite having a similar shape, it is related neither to the Greek letter theta (Θ θ/) nor to the archaic Cyrillic letter fita (Ѳ ѳ). However, traditional forms of Cyrillic fita (since the 18th century) and oe are identical, and designers of Unicode's sample font were probably the first ones who split glyphs of the two letters (providing Oe with a horizontal bar and Fita with a tilde-shaped bar inside). In traditional typography, the shape of the inner line depends on typeface, not on meaning of the letter: the bar in both oe and fita may either be straight or wavy. Usage Oe is used in the alphabets of the Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Khanty, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Tuvan, Mongolian, and Yakut languages. It commonly represents the front rounded vowels and , except in Mongolian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwa (Cyrillic)
Schwa (Ә ә; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Latin letter schwa. It is currently used in Abkhaz, Bashkir, Dungan, Itelmen, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kurdish, Uyghur and Tatar. It was also used in Azeri, Karakalpak, and Turkmen before those languages switched to the Latin alphabet. The Azeri and some other Latin-derived alphabets contain a letter of similar appearance ( Ə/ə). Usage In many Turkic languages such as Azeri, Bashkir, Kazakh, Uyghur and Tatar, as well as the Kalmyk and Khinalug languages, it represents the near-open front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "cat". It is often transliterated as . In Dungan, it represents the close-mid back unrounded vowel . In Kurdish it represents the schwa or the sound . In Abkhaz, it is a modifier letter, which represents labialization of the preceding consonant . Digraphs with are treated as letters and given separate positions in the Abkhaz alphabet. It is transliterate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umlaut (diacritic)
The umlaut () is the diacritical mark used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters , , and ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ). (The term ermanicumlaut is also used for the underlying historical sound shift process.) In its contemporary printed form, the mark consists of two dots placed over the letter to represent the changed vowel sound. It looks identical to the diaeresis mark used in other European languages and is represented by the same Unicode code point. The word '' trema'' (french: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, describes the form of both the umlaut diacritic and the diaeresis rather than their function and can therefore be used to refer to both. German origin and current usage (literally "changed sound") is the German name of the sound shift phenomenon also known as ''i-mutation''. In German, this term is also used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Fyodorovich Katanov
Nikolai or Nikolay is an East Slavic variant of the masculine name Nicholas. It may refer to: People Royalty * Nicholas I of Russia (1796–1855), or Nikolay I, Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855 * Nicholas II of Russia (1868–1918), or Nikolay II, last Emperor of Russia, from 1894 until 1917 * Prince Nikolai of Denmark (born 1999) Other people Nikolai * Nikolai Aleksandrovich (other) or Nikolay Aleksandrovich, several people * Nikolai Antropov (born 1980), Kazakh former ice hockey winger * Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948), Russian religious and political philosopher * Nikolai Bogomolov (born 1991), Russian professional ice hockey defenceman * Nikolai Bukharin (1888–1938), Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician * Nikolai Bulganin (1895-1975), Soviet politician and minister of defence * Nikolai Chernykh (1931-2004), Russian astronomer * Nikolai Dudorov (1906–1977), Soviet politician * Nikolai Dzhumagaliev (born 1952), Soviet serial killer * Nikolai Goc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U With Double Acute (Cyrillic)
U with double acute (Ӳ ӳ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Cyrillic letter U (У у ). U with double acute is used in the alphabet of the Chuvash language, where it represents the close front rounded vowel , the pronunciation of the Latin letter U with umlaut (Ü ü) in German. It is placed between and in the Chuvash alphabet. It is usually romanized as ⟨Ü⟩ but its ISO 9 ISO 9 is an international standard establishing a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of many Slavic and non-Slavic languages. Published on February 23, 1995 by the Internatio ... transliteration is ⟨Ű⟩. Computing codes See also *Ӱ ӱ : Cyrillic letter U with diaeresis *Ү ү : Cyrillic letter Ue *Ű ű : Latin letter U with double acute - a Hungarian letter References {{Turkic-lang-stub Chuvash language Cyrillic letters with diacritics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En-ghe
En-ghe (Ҥ ҥ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used only in non-Slavic languages. The shape of the letter originated as a ligature of the Cyrillic letters en (Н н) and ghe (Г г), but en-ghe is used as a separate letter in alphabets. It represents the velar nasal , like the pronunciation of ⟨ng⟩ in "sing". Ҥ is romanized using Ṅ, Ng, or even Ŋ. En-ghe is used in the alphabets of the Aleut, Altai, Meadow Mari, and Yakut languages. In certain Old Slavonic manuscripts, a character of the same shape could be used to represent palatalized , a role similar to modern Serbian/Macedonian letter nje (Њ њ). These manuscripts also may contain similarly built characters for palatalized Д, З, Л and Р. Computing codes Related letters and other similar characters * Ң ң : Cyrillic letter en with descender * Ӈ ӈ : Cyrillic letter en with hook * Ŋ ŋ : Latin letter eng * : Latin letter n with descender *𝆦: Hauptstimme In music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
