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Base Tunnel
A base tunnel is a type of tunnel, mainly a Rail transport, railway tunnel, that is built through the base of a mountain pass. This type of tunnel typically connects two valleys at about the same altitudes. When originally constructed, classical railway lines through mountainous terrain tried to minimize tunneling, due to technical limitations and expense, and therefore required long and steep gradients and many curves, or even spirals. Tunnels were generally short and much higher up the mountain. Such tunnels are sometimes also called ''culmination tunnels'', especially in the presence of a base tunnel through the same mountain massif. The base tunnels take the opposite approach, minimizing or eliminating gradients and curves with the consequence of having longer tunnels but shorter total distances to travel. This allows for higher speeds and lower energy costs. Some of the best-known base tunnels are (with length, opening and location): * Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel (, ''pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Tunnels
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (1,000 feet) above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koralm Tunnel
The Koralm Tunnel is a railway tunnel that is under construction in Austria under the Koralpe mountain range. It forms one section of the -long Koralm Railway which will link Graz with Klagenfurt. Once complete, the Koralm Tunnel shall be Austria's longest railway tunnel, possessing a length of while running at depths of up to below ground. It comprises a pair of tunnels running in parallel, each capable of carrying a single railway track, which will be linked together every . History The Koralm Tunnel is perhaps the most prominent engineering feature of the Koralm Railway, Austria's most southern line. It is intended for this high performance route, which shall possess a maximum speed of 250 km/h wherever economically feasible to do so, to shorten journey times between Vienna and Klagenfurt via Graz by over an hour for an estimated journey time of two hours and 40 minutes. In terms of international traffic, the completion of the line shall better facilitate the movement of rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furka Base Tunnel
The Furka Base Tunnel is a Swiss railway base tunnel on the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn's Furka–Oberalp line, an east-west railway connecting the cantons of Valais and Uri. Its west portal lies east of Oberwald (VS), at above sea level and its east portal lies south of Realp (UR), at . Prior to its construction, all traffic had to use the historic high-level route via the long Furka Summit Tunnel, which was only available seasonally due to the threat posed by heavy snowfalls. Construction commenced during 1971, taking ten years to complete. An innovative permanent support system was used, comprising rock anchors and a shotcrete coating, which included the first use of polyurethane-based grouting within a railway tunnel. The tunnel has a relatively narrow cross section, which has been attributed with slowing the construction effort somewhat. The interconnecting Bedretto tunnel was used during the Furka Base Tunnel's construction for the removal of excavating spoil as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceneri Base Tunnel
The Ceneri Base Tunnel (CBT, it, Galleria di base del Monte Ceneri) is a Swiss railway base tunnel in the canton of Ticino. It passes under Monte Ceneri between Camorino in the Magadino Flat and Vezia near Lugano; it bypasses the former high-altitude rail route through the Monte Ceneri Tunnel. It is composed of two single-track tunnels, each long. It is part of the New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA) project for faster north-south rail links across the Swiss Alps. An exploration tunnel near Sigirino was excavated between 1999 and 2003 to gain geological data on the rock formations at the Ceneri Base Tunnel's level. Based on those data, it was decided to excavate most of the tunnel with traditional blasting methods and only drill a small part using a faster tunnel boring machine (TBM). Both the CBT and Gotthard Base Tunnels were built under contract from the Swiss Federal Government by ''Alptransit Gotthard AG''. Construction of the two single-track bores started during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apennine Base Tunnel
The Apennine Base Tunnel, alternatively known as the Grand Apennine Tunnel, is a railway base tunnel long on the Bologna-Florence Direttissima line in central Italy. At the time of its completion, the Apennine Base Tunnel was the world's second longest tunnel after the Simplon Tunnel, and the longest built with double track; presently, it is the 16th longest tunnel in the world. The tunnel was opened on 21 April 1934; compared to the old Porrettana railway over the mountain range, its completion enabled an alternative route that was shorter. Running between the stations of San Benedetto-Castiglione and Vernio-Montepiano-Cantagallo, it has a length of , a peak height of above sea level and a maximum incline of 1.2%. Background and construction The first railway line to complete a somewhat-direct route between the Italian cities of Bologna and Florence was the Porrettana railway, which was constructed between 1856 and 1864. It was recognised that the Porrettana line would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simplon Tunnel
, it, Galleria del Sempione , line = Simplon line, (Lötschberg railway line) , location = Traversing the Lepontine Alps between Switzerland and Italy , coordinates = – , system = Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) , status = , crosses = Lepontine Alps (Wasenhorn massif) , start = Brig, canton of Valais, Switzerland , end = Iselle di Trasquera, Piedmont, Italy , stations = , startwork = 22 November 1898 (east tunnel), 1912 (west tunnel) , opened = 19 May 1906 (east tunnel), 1921 (west tunnel) , closed = , owner = SBB CFF FFS , operator = SBB CFF FFS , traffic = Railway , character = Passenger, Freight, Car Transport , vpd = Passenger: 70, Freight: ''unknown'' , length = (east tunnel), (west tunnel) , linelength = , tracklength = , notrack = Two single-track tubes , gauge = , el = since 1 June 1906, 15 kV 16.7 Hz since 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zimmerberg Base Tunnel
The Zimmerberg Base Tunnel (ZBT) is a railway tunnel under the Zimmerberg mountains in Switzerland. Phase I of the tunnel was opened to traffic during April 2003. The ZBT has been divided into two phases of work; as of 2020, only Phase I is operational while Phase II remains in the planning and preparation stages. Zimmerberg I is about 10 km long and links Zurich with Thalwil and bypasses a section of the Lake Zürich left-bank railway line, allowing rail traffic to traverse the mountains more efficiently than traditional routes. Phase I During the 1990s, Switzerland embarked upon a major programme of modernisation and improvements across its railway infrastructure. The NRLA initiative sought to provide better alternatives to the steep mountain railways across Gotthard, Ceneri and Lötschberg through the construction of a number of base-level tunnels that enabled trains to more rapidly and efficiently traverse the Swiss Alps. The Zimmerberg Base Tunnel (ZBT) was one such t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pajares Base Tunnel
The Pajares Base Tunnel is a twin pair of railway tunnels beneath the Puerto de Pajares pass in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. Once completed, the length tunnel will form a key portion of the high-speed rail line between Valladolid and Gijón, and shall be used by both high speed passenger trains as well as by slower freight trains. Work commenced on the Pajares Base Tunnel following its authorisation in 2003. During the construction process, multiple setbacks were incurred on the part of the geological conditions present, particularly the copious ingress of water into the tunnels. Despite multiple years of remedial work and the deployment of unique engineering solutions, the infiltration issue has proved to be difficult to address, and questions have arisen as to if its electrification is even practical. As a result, the fitting-out of the tunnel has been delayed by several years. Early on, the through route was expected to be open in 2010. As of August 2022, the tunnels are ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortona–Genoa High-speed Railway
) , type = High-speed rail , system = Trans-European Transport Networks , status = Under construction , connectinglines = Turin–Genoa , website Official website, yearcommenced = 2013 , planopen = 2025 , linelength_km = 53 , electrification = 3 kV direct current , speed_km/h = 250 The Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway, also known as Third Pass (), will be a railway designed for high-speed, high-capacity services linking Genoa to Tortona near Milan, Italy. The railway will form part of the Rhine–Alpine corridor within the Trans-European Transport Networks project. Construction work started during 2013. At that time the railway was expected to be completed by 2025. The line will be long, of which being tunnels. In addition to the line itself, a further of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semmering Base Tunnel
The Semmering Base Tunnel is a railway tunnel under construction between Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag in Austria underneath the Semmering Pass. The existing route is 41 km in length and the Semmering Base Tunnel will be 27.3 km in length. The new route will offer time savings of up to 30 minutes, partly on account of the shorter route and partly on account of the higher speed limit (maximum 250 km/h). Construction began on 25 April 2012 and the link is expected to enter operational service in 2030, delayed from the original estimate of 2026. The main benefit of the new tunnel will be increased ease of use for freight traffic. The gradients of the traditional routes requires the use of two locomotives; the reduced gradient of the new link will enable the transit of freight traffic using just one locomotive. The Semmering Base Tunnel and the Koralm Railway in combination will enable freight transit across the whole southern line with just one locomotive. Currently, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lötschberg Base Tunnel
, line = Lötschberg Line , location = Traversing the Bernese Alps in Switzerland , coordinates = – , system = BLS, SBB CFF FFS , status = , start = Frutigen, canton of Bern, , end = Raron, canton of Valais, , stations = , startwork = 5 July 1999 , opened = 14 June 2007 , closed = , owner = BLS NETZ AG , operator = BLS , traffic = Railway , character = Passenger, Freight , length = , linelength = , tracklength = , notrack = One single-track tube for 20km, two single-track tubes for 14km , gauge = (standard gauge) , el = 15 kV 16.7 Hz , speed = , hielevation = , lowelevation = (south portal) , height = , grade = 3–13 ‰ , map = The Lötschberg Base Tunnel (LBT) is a railway base tunnel on the BLS AG's Lötschberg line cutting through the Bernese Alps of Switzerland some below the existing Lötschb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in the tunnel. Some tunnels are used as sewers or aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations. Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment. Secret tunnels are built for military purposes, or by civilians for smuggling of weapons, contraband, or people. Special tunnels, such as wildlife crossings, are built to allow wildlife to cross human-made barriers safely. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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