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Barbacoa Languages
Barbacoan (also Barbakóan, Barbacoano, Barbacoana) is a language family spoken in Colombia and Ecuador. Genealogical relations The Barbacoan languages may be related to the Páez language. Barbacoan is often connected with the Paezan languages (including Páez language, Páez); however, Curnow (1998) shows how much of this proposal is based on misinterpretation of an old document of Douay (1888). (See: Paezan languages.) Other more speculative larger groupings involving Barbacoan include the Macro-Paesan "cluster", the Macro-Chibchan stock, and the Chibchan-Paezan stock. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Atakame language, Atakame, Cholon-Hibito languages, Cholon-Hibito, Kechua languages, Kechua, Mochika language, Mochika, Paez language, Paez, Tukano languages, Tukano, Umbra language, Umbra, and Chibchan languages, Chibchan (especially between Guaymí language, Guaymí and Southern Barbacoan branches) language families due to con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. According to '' Ethnologue'' there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. A living language is defined as one that is the first language of at least one person. The language families with the most speakers are: the Indo-European family, with many widely spoken languages native to Europe (such as English and Spanish) and South Asia (such as Hindi and Bengali); and the Sino-Tibetan famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umbra Language
Anserma (Anserna) is an extinct Chocoan language of Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car .... Dialects included Caramanta and Cartama.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide'' Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Barbacoan languages due to contact. References Choco languages Languages of Colombia Extinct languages of South America {{Na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect
The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of Linguistics, linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety (linguistics), variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. Under this definition, the dialects or varieties of a particular language are closely related and, despite their differences, are most often largely Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, especially if close to one another on the dialect continuum. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class or ethnicity. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed an ethnolect, and a geographical/regional dialect may be termed a regiolectWolfram, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, like Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to a particular group. These languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that currently have living native speakers are sometimes called modern languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts. In the modern period, languages have typically become extinct as a result of the process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favour of a foreign ''lingua franca'', largely those of European countries. As of the 2000s, a total of roughly 7,000 natively spoken languages existed worldwide. Most of these are minor languages in dang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsafiki Language
Tsafiki, also known as Tsachila or Colorado, is a Barbacoan language spoken in Ecuador by c. 2000 ethnic Tsáchila people. Phonology Consonants * /b, d/ are preglottalized b, ˀdwhen occurring intervocalically. * /k/ can become voiced when intervocally after nasal sounds. * /ɹ/ is heard as when occurring word-initially, and when following a nasalized vowel, an allophone occurs. * /s/ is heard as when preceding high vowels /i, u/ and after unaccented high vowels. * /t͡s/ is heard as when preceding high vowels, but many speakers pronounce it as ͡ʃin all environments. Vowels Tsafiki has five vowels Four vowels have nasalized forms. * Unaccented vowels before voiceless stops are often devoiced References External linksColorado(Intercontinental Dictionary Series The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (commonly abbreviated as IDS) is a large database of topical vocabulary lists in various world languages. The general editor of the database is Bern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cha'palaa Language
Cha'palaa (also known as Chachi or Cayapa) is a Barbacoan languages, Barbacoan language spoken in northern Ecuador by ca. 3000 ethnic Chachi people. "Cha'palaa" means "language of the Chachi people." This language was described in part by the missionary P. Alberto Vittadello, who, by the time his description was published in Guayaquil, Ecuador in 1988, had lived for seven years among the tribe. Cha'palaa has Agglutination, agglutinative morphology, with a Subject-Object-Verb word order. Cha'palaa is written using the Latin alphabet, making use of the following graphemes: A, B, C, CH, D, DY, E, F, G, GU, HU, I, J, L, LL, M, N, Ñ, P, QU, R, S, SH, T, TS, TY, U, V, Y, and ' The writing system includes four simple vowels, and four double vowels: Phonology Cha'palaa has four vowels: /a, e, i, u/. Cha'palaa has 22 consonant phonemes. References External links Native Languages on Cha'palaachi, with linksCayapa (Intercontinental Dictionary Series) Agglutinative language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caranqui Language
Caranqui, or Cara (Kara), is an extinct, probably Barbacoan language of Ecuador. Caranqui was replaced by Quechua, perhaps surviving as late as the 18th century. It seems in turn to have influenced Imbabura Quechua. There are similarities between Caranqui and the Barbacoan languages Pasto Pasto, officially San Juan de Pasto (; "Saint John of Pasto"), is the capital of the department of Nariño, in southern Colombia. Pasto was founded in 1537 and named after indigenous people of the area. In the 2018 census, the city had app ... and Tsafiki, so Caranqui is often classified as Barbacoan, but the evidence is not conclusive due its poor documentation. References Barbacoan languages Extinct languages of South America Languages of Ecuador Languages extinct in the 18th century Unclassified languages of South America {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconuco Language
Coconuco, also known as Guambiano and Misak, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano Guambiano or Misak are an indigenous people of the department of Cauca in Colombia. he Drama of Life Guambiano Life Cycle Customs , author=Judith Branks, Juan B. Sanchez , publisher- SIL International, date=1978 , pages= 107 Their language is k ... indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language. Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing. Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998). Phonology The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totoro Language
Coconuco, also known as Guambiano and Misak, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano Guambiano or Misak are an indigenous people of the department of Cauca in Colombia. he Drama of Life Guambiano Life Cycle Customs , author=Judith Branks, Juan B. Sanchez , publisher- SIL International, date=1978 , pages= 107 Their language is k ... indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language. Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing. Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998). Phonology The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guambiano Language
Coconuco, also known as Guambiano and Misak, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano Guambiano or Misak are an indigenous people of the department of Cauca in Colombia. he Drama of Life Guambiano Life Cycle Customs , author=Judith Branks, Juan B. Sanchez , publisher- SIL International, date=1978 , pages= 107 Their language is k ... indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language. Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing. Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998). Phonology The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muellama Language
Muellama (Muellamués) is an extinct Barbacoan language Barbacoan (also Barbakóan, Barbacoano, Barbacoana) is a language family spoken in Colombia and Ecuador. Genealogical relations The Barbacoan languages may be related to the Páez language. Barbacoan is often connected with the Paezan languages ... of Colombia. References Awan languages Extinct languages of South America Languages of Colombia {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasto Language
Pasto is a purported Barbacoan language that was spoken by indigenous people of Pasto, Colombia and Carchi Province Carchi () is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Tulcán. The Carchi River rises on the slopes of Chiles volcano and forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador near Tulcan. Rumichaca Bridge is the most important land route between Colom ..., Ecuador. It is now extinct. ISO issue Prior to its retirement, the ISO name of the ISO code pb/code> was ''Barbacoas,'' the name of an extinct people who gave their name to the Barbacoan language family of which Pasto is a member, as well as to the Colombian town of Barbacoas. However, nothing is known of their language, one of several also known as Colima (Loukotka 1968: 247), and it can only be assumed to be part of the Barbacoan family (Campbell 2012: 78). Such unattested, long-extinct languages are not normally assigned ISO codes. ''MultiTree'' conflates Barbacoas with neighboring Pasto, which i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
