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Banque De L'Algérie
the Banque de l'Algérie, from 1949 to 1958 Banque de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie, was a French bank created in 1851, that operated as the central bank for French Algeria and, from 1904, also for the French protectorate of Tunisia until Tunisian independence. Following Algerian independence in 1962, it was succeeded by the new state’s Bank of Algeria (french: Banque d'Algérie), and its French operations were wound up in 1963. History The Banque de l'Algérie was created by legislation of under the French Second Republic. From the start, it was granted the exclusive right to issue currency (french: privilège d'émission) in French Algeria, initially for a term of twenty years. The bank's head office was in Algiers, initially on , then from 1868 in a purpose-built mansion on (later , now ) where the Bank of Algeria still keeps offices. By legislation of , the bank's head office was relocated from Algiers to Paris, in a property at 217, boulevard Saint-Germain, where it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photo Numero 8 Bvd Che Guevara Bna 23122020
A photograph (also known as a photo, image, or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are now created using a smartphone/camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography. Etymology The word ''photograph'' was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς (''phos''), meaning "light," and γραφή (''graphê''), meaning "drawing, writing," together meaning "drawing with light." History The first permanent photograph, a contact-exposed copy of an engraving, was made in 1822 using the bitumen-based " heliography" process developed by Nicéphore Niépce. The first photographs of a real-world scene, made using a camera obscura, followed a few years later at Le G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Companies Of Algeria
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Algeria
A currency, "in circulation", from la, Wikt:currens, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or currency in circulation, circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, Pound sterling, the British Pound Sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and United States dollar, U.S. dollars (US$)) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as store of value , stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance - i.e. legal tender laws may require a particular uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Algeria
The economy of Algeria expanded by 1.4% in 2018, up from 4.1% in 2016 with growth driven mainly by the recovering oil and gas sector. Excluding hydrocarbons, growth has been estimated up to 5.8%. Inflation is increasing and is estimated at 8.9%. Despite the financial authorities’ good performance thanks to modernisation reforms, the budget deficit widened to 3.3% of GDP in 2012. The deficit was attributed to the continuation of the expansionary fiscal policy initiated in 2011 to meet strong social demands in terms of purchasing power, jobs and housing. The oil and gas sector is the country's main source of revenues, and generated about 70% of total budget receipts. The economy was projected to grow by 3.2% in 2013 and by 4.0% in 2014. The country's external position remained comfortable in 2012, with a trade surplus of about US$27.18 billion. The current-account surplus was estimated at 8.2% of GDP and official foreign-exchange reserves had been estimated at US$190.7 billio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banks Of Algeria
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords. Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the anc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compagnie Algérienne
The ''Compagnie Algérienne'', from 1942 o 1948 ''Compagnie Algérienne de Crédit et de Banque'' ("Algerian Credit and Banking Company"), was a significant French bank with operations in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon as well as mainland France. It was formed in 1877 in a restructuring of its predecessor entity, the ''Société Générale Algérienne'' ("General Algerian Company"), itself founded in 1865-68. The Compagnie Algérienne eventually merged in 1960 with the Banque de l'Union Parisienne. Following a series of subsequent restructurings, its main successor entities as of 2022 are the Crédit du Nord in France, the in Algeria, the Banque de Tunisie in Tunisia, Attijariwafa Bank in Morocco, and the Banque Libano-Française in Lebanon. Société Générale Algérienne The (SGA) was created in Paris on , at a time of ambitious outward-oriented French business initiatives such as the Suez Company (est. 1858) or Imperial Ottoman Bank (est. 1863 with British partn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banque De Madagascar
The Banque de Madagascar, from 1946 the Banque de Madagascar et des Comores, was a bank established by the French government in 1925 to issue currency and provide credit in French Madagascar. As such, it fulfilled many of the functions of a central bank for the colony. Background Following the establishment of the Malagasy Protectorate, France took over direct administration of Madagascar as a colony in 1897. The Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris established a presence on the island in the late 19th century, and had advocated the creation of a local issuance bank as early as 1895. Until World War I, its only form of currency was coins of French francs. Franc banknotes were introduced during the war in substitution to the coin money, but did not satisfy the needs of Madagascar's colonial economy that would be better served by local money issuance. Parliamentary debates lingered in France for several years, as different models were considered including direct issuance by the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banque De L'Afrique Occidentale
The Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale (BAO, "Bank of West Africa") was a French bank established in 1901 to issue currency for the colonies of French West Africa. Colonial history BAO was originally created by the expansion of the Banque du Sénégal (itself created by the French on 21 December 1853). BAO later expanded to include French Equatorial Africa to administer the common currency of French West Africa. Although it was a private investment bank, the French government authorized it to print currency, and its board always included colonial officials. It received special concessions and financial stabilisation from the government, and in essence became an arm of the French colonial administration. Between 1941 and 1958, the Institut d'Emission de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise et du Togo was spun off from BAO to administer the CFA Franc, Franc des colonies françaises d'Afrique (FCFA) (25 December 1945Global Financial Data Economic role in colonial structure Historians lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banque De L'Indochine
The Banque de l'Indochine (), originally Banque de l'Indo-Chine ("Bank of Indochina"), was a bank created in 1875 in Paris to finance French colonial development in Asia. As a bank of issue in Indochina until 1952 (and in French Pacific territories until 1967), with many features of a central bank, it played a major role in the financial history of French Indochina, French India, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Djibouti, as well as French-backed ventures in Siam and China. After World War II, it lost its issuance privilege but reinvented itself as an investment bank in France, and developed new ventures in other countries such as Saudi Arabia and South Africa. The Compagnie Financière de Suez acquired a controlling interest in the Banque de l'Indochine in 1972, then merged it in 1975 with its own banking subsidiary to form Banque Indosuez, since 1996 itself part of the Crédit Agricole universal banking group. History Background and creation Following t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Java
The Bank of Java (DJB, for ) was a note-issuing bank in the Dutch East Indies, founded in 1828 and nationalized in 1951 by the government of Indonesia to become the newly independent country’s central bank, later renamed Bank Indonesia. For more than a century, the Bank of Java was the central institution of the Dutch East Indies’ financial system, alongside the “big three” commercial banks (the Netherlands Trading Society, the Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank, and the Nederlandsch-Indische Escompto Maatschappij). It was both a note-issuing bank and a commercial bank. Background The first bank founded in the Indonesian archipelago was the , established in 1746 to support trading activity. In 1752, it was renamed (), and was given a mandate to extend loans to employees of the Dutch East India Company. In 1818, that institution closed as a consequence of financial crisis. Dutch colonial period King William I of the Netherlands granted the right to create a private bank i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Flouret
Marcel Flouret, (March 29, 1892 – November 29, 1971) was a French engineer, soldier, civil servant, member of the French Resistance, and fourth Chair of Électricité de France (EDF) from 1952 to 1962. Career Flouret graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1912. Committed to the army for four years initially, he became a Second Lieutenant on August 2, 1914, a Lieutenant Airman on August 2, 1916, and an aviation squadron leader and Captain on December 29, 1920. Wounded, Flouret earned the Croix de Guerre with four citations. On foreign missions from 1920 to 1925, Flouret participated in aviation operations in Austria and Hungary. He then became a professor at the War College at the Center of Advanced Military Studies in Warsaw, Poland. After entering the War College in March 1925, he then transferred to the Ministry of Finance as Deputy Chief of Staff for Joseph Caillaux on April 18, 1925, and left the army in November 1925. Various bureaucratic roles followed from 1925 to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
