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BPI Fold-containing Family B Member 2
BPI fold-containing family B, member 2, (BPIFB2) also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 1, (BPI-like 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB2'' gene. Superfamily BPIFB2 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA1
BPI fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1), also known as Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFA1'' gene. It was also formerly known as "Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts" (SPURT). The ''BPIFA1'' gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts ( splice variants); 3 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (olfactory and respiratory and epithelium) and salivary glands; at high levels in oropharyneal epithelium, including tongue and tonsils; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including pituitary, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, pancreas, levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas. The protein can be detected on the apical side of epithelial cells and in airway surface liquid, nasal mucus, and sputum. Superfamily BPIFA1 is a member of a B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Proteins
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, and language. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Its intelligence and its desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other fields of study. Although some scientists equate the term ''humans'' with all members of the genus ''Homo'', in common usage, it generally refers to ''Homo sapiens'', the only extant member. Anatomically modern huma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertrophic
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.Updated by Linda J. Vorvick. 8/14/1Hyperplasia/ref> Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy. Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart. Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel). Gallery File:*+ * Photographic documentation on sexual education - Hypertrophy of bre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB9P
Vomeromodulin is a non-human protein also known as BPI fold containing family B, member 9 (BPIFB9) in the rat encoded by the ''Bpifb9/RYF3'' gene, and as BPI fold containing family B, member 9A (BPIFB9A) encoded by the ''Bpifb9a'' gene in the mouse. This protein has been characterized in mammals such as rodents, carnivores, even-toed ungulates, insectivores, bats, lagomorphs, and shrews but is apparently absent in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Its function is associated with detection of chemical odorant pheromone molecules. In humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as a pseudogene ''BPIFB9P''. The pseudogene was named based on its functional ortholog found in the other species. Superfamily Vomeromodulin/BPIFB9/BPIFB9A is a member of the BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB5P
BPI fold containing family B, member 5 is a non-human protein encoded by the ''Bpifb5'' gene, also known as ''Lplunc5.'' The BPIFB5 protein and ''Bpifb5'' gene have been characterized in mammals such as rodents (mouse, rat) and even-toed ungulates (pig, cow) but are apparently lacking in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The protein in rodents is expressed at moderately high levels in Mucous membrane, mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and at moderate levels in salivary glands, esophagus, and gonads (ovary, testis); in even-toed ungulates expression is high in testis, moderate in brain and striated muscle, and low in kidney. In humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as a pseudogene ''BPIFB5P''. The pseudogene was named based on its functional ortholog found in the other species. Superfamily BPIFB5 is a member of the BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB6
BPI fold containing family B, member 6 (BPIFB6), also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 3 (BPIL3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB6'' gene, also known as ''BPIL3'' and ''LPLUNC6''. It is expressed at high levels in hypertrophic tonsils, at relatively moderate levels in oronasal epithelium including nasal mucosa, tongue, and salivary gland, as well as esophageal mucosa at lesser levels. Orthologs are present in many vertebrate species including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Superfamily BPIFB6 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/ CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB4
BPI fold containing family B, member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB4 gene. The study of many populations of centenarians made it possible to identify the longevity-associated variant (LAV) of the BPIFB4 gene. The gene transfer induced forced expression of LAV-BPIFB4 both in old mice and in animal model of hypertension reduced blood pressure and rescued age-related endothelial dysfunction stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. As a gene associated with exceptional longevity, capable to protect from hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiopathy, frailty, and inflammaging Inflammaging (also known as inflamm-aging or inflamm-ageing) is a chronic, sterile low-grade inflammation that develops with advanced age, in the absence of overt infection, and may contribute to clinical manifestations of other age-related patho ..., LAV-BPIFB4 gene is a promising candidate new ‘drug’ to treat atherosclerosis, its cardiovascular complications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB3
BPI fold containing family B, member 3 (BPIFB3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB3'' gene. Two variants have been detected in humans. Superfamily BPIFB3 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/ CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members encode the BPI fold structur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB1
BPI fold containing family B, member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB1'' gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas. Superfamily BPIFB1 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA4P
BPI fold containing family A, member 4 (BPIFA4) is a non-human protein encoded by the ''Bpifa4'' gene in monkey and cow. It is also known as Latherin in horse, encoded by the ''Lath/Bpifa4'' gene but somewhat divergent from the other species. Latherin/BPIFA4 is a secreted protein found in saliva and sweat. In humans, no protein is normally expressed and BPIFB5P is present only as a pseudogene ''BPIFB5P''. However, it has appeared as a secreted product in breast cancer cell lines, previously named BASE (''b''reast cancer ''a''nd ''s''alivary gland ''e''xpression) protein. Superfamily BPIFA3 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/ CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic mole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA3
BPI fold containing family A, member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFA3'' gene. The gene is also known as ''SPLUNC3 and C20orf71'' in humans and the orthologous gene in mice is ''1700058C13Rik''. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of BPIFA3 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''1700058C13Riktm1a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty three tests were carried out on mutant In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
