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Azarmigdukht
Azarmidokht (Middle Persian: ''Āzarmīgdukht''; New Persian: , ''Āzarmīdokht'') was Sasanian queen regnant (''banbishn'') of Iran from 630 to 631. She was the daughter of king (shah) Khosrow II (). She was the second Sasanian queen; her sister Boran ruled before and after her. Azarmidokht came to power in Iran after her cousin Shapur-i Shahrvaraz was deposed by the ''Parsig'' faction, led by Piruz Khosrow, who helped Azarmidokht ascend the throne. Her rule was marked by an attempt of a nobleman and commander Farrukh Hormizd to marry her and come to power. After the queen's refusal, he declared himself an anti-king. Azarmidokht had him killed as a result of a successful plot. She was, however, killed herself shortly afterwards by Rostam Farrokhzad in retaliation for his father's death. She was succeeded by Boran. Name "Azarmidokht" is the New Persian variant of her name used by scholars; her original name was Middle Persian, ''Āzarmīgdukht'', meaning "daughter of the respec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banbishn
''Bānbishn'' was a Middle Persian title meaning "queen", and was held by royal women in Sasanian Iran who were the king's daughters and sisters, and also by the consorts of the Sasanian princes that ruled parts of the country as governors. The full version of the title was ''bānbishnān bānbishn'' ("Queen of Queens"). Etymology Although the Old Persian form of ''bānbishn'' is not found in any source, it was most likely spelled ''māna-pashnī'', matching the Avestan ''dəmąnō.paθnī'' ("mistress"), which is from Old Iranian ''dmāna-paθnī''. The word was later absorbed into the Armenian language, where it was spelled ''bambishn''. The Sogdian version of the word is ''bāmbusht''. History In the Sasanian inscriptions, ''banbishn'' is the female equivalent of ''shah'' (king). The title is first attested in 262/3 in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, being held by a certain Denak. Shapur I's daughter Adur-Anahid held the title of ''bānbishnān bānbishn'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farrukh Hormizd
Farrukh Hormizd or Farrokh Hormizd ( fa, فرخهرمز), also known as Hormizd V, was an Iranian prince, who was one of the leading figures in Sasanian Iran in the early 7th-century. He served as the military commander (''spahbed'') of northern Iran. He later came in conflict with the Iranian nobility, "dividing the resources of the country".''SASANIAN DYNASTY'', A. Shapur Shahbazi, Encyclopaedia Iranica, (20 July 2005/ref> He was later killed by Siyavakhsh in a palace plot on the orders of Azarmidokht after he proposed to her in an attempt to usurp the Sasanian throne. He had two children, Rostam Farrokhzad and Farrukhzad. Background Farrukh Hormizd was a member of the Ispahbudhan family, one of the seven Parthian clans. He was the son of Vinduyih, a descendant of Bawi, whose sister was the wife of Kavadh I and mother of Khosrau I. Farrukh's father and uncle, Vistahm, played an important role in defeating the Mihranid Bahram Chobin and restoring Khosrau II to the throne. Khosra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pars (Sasanian Province)
Pars (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 ''Pārs'', ) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, which almost corresponded to the present-day province of Fars. The province bordered Khuzestan in the west, Kirman in the east, Spahan in the north, and Mazun in the south. Name The Middle Persian name of "Pārs" is derived from Pârsâ (𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿), the Old Persian of the region. The English name Persia and Greek name Persis derives from this region. Administrative divisions Ardashir-Khwarrah Ardashir-Khwarrah (Middle Persian: ''Arđaxšēr-Xwarra'', meaning "glory of Ardashir") was founded by the first Sasanian king Ardashir I (r. 224-242), who made Gor (also founded around the same time) its capital. It was the seat of the '' driyōšān jādag-gōw ud dādwar'' (advocate), ''mowbed'' (chief priest) and ''andarzbad'' (councilor) of Pars. It formed the southwestern administrative division of Pars, and consisted of a mountainous countryside of the southern Zagros Mountai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istakhr
Istakhr (Middle Persian romanized: ''Stakhr'', fa, اصطخر, translit=Istakhr also spelt استخر in modern literature) was an ancient city in Fars province, north of Persepolis in southwestern Iran. It flourished as the capital of the Persian ''Frataraka'' governors and Kings of Persis from the third century BC to the early 3rd century AD. It reached its apex under the Sasanian Empire (224-651 AD), and was the hometown of the Sasanian dynasty. Istakhr briefly served as the first capital of the Sasanian Empire from 224 to 226 AD and then as principal city, region, and religious centre of the Sasanian province of Pars (Sasanian province), Pars. During the Arab conquest of Iran, Istakhr was noted for its stiff resistance, which resulted in the death of many of its inhabitants. Istakhr remained a stronghold of Zoroastrianism long after the conquests, and remained relatively important in the early Islamic era. It went into gradual decline after the founding of nearby Shiraz, befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modus Vivendi
''Modus vivendi'' (plural ''modi vivendi'') is a Latin phrase that means "mode of living" or " way of life". It often is used to mean an arrangement or agreement that allows conflicting parties to coexist in peace. In science, it is used to describe lifestyles. ''Modus'' means "mode", "way", "method", or "manner". ''Vivendi'' means "of living". The phrase is often used to describe informal and temporary arrangements in political affairs. For example, if two sides reach a ''modus vivendi'' regarding disputed territories, despite political, historical or cultural incompatibilities, an accommodation of their respective differences is established for the sake of contingency. In diplomacy, a ''modus vivendi'' is an instrument for establishing an international accord of a temporary or provisional nature, intended to be replaced by a more substantial and thorough agreement, such as a treaty. Armistices and instruments of surrender are intended to achieve a ''modus vivendi''. Examples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin Of Farrukh Hormizd, Meshan Mint
A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. ''Obverse'' and its opposite, ''reverse'', refer to the two flat faces of coins and medals. In this usage, ''obverse'' means the front face of the object and ''reverse'' means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse ''tails''. Coins are usually made of metal or an alloy, or sometimes of man-made materials. They are usually disc shaped. Coins, made of valuable metal, are stored in large quantities as bullion coins. Other coins are used as money in everyday transactions, circulating alongside banknotes. Usually the highest value ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahrbaraz
Shahrbaraz (also spelled Shahrvaraz or Shahrwaraz; New Persian: ), was shah (king) of the Sasanian Empire from 27 April 630 to 9 June 630. He usurped the throne from Ardashir III, and was killed by Iranian nobles after forty days. Before usurping the Sasanian throne he was a ''spahbed'' (general) under Khosrow II (590–628). He is furthermore noted for his important role during the climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, and the events that followed afterwards. Name ' is actually a title, literally meaning "the Boar of the Empire", attesting to his dexterity in military command and his warlike personality, as the boar was the animal associated with the Zoroastrian Izad Vahram, the epitome of victory. ''Shahrwarāz'' (Inscriptional Pahlavi: štlwlʾc) is a Middle Persian word, with ''shahr'' meaning "country" and ''warāz'' meaning "boar". This word is rendered as ''Shahrbarāz'' () in New Persian and as ''Sarbaros'' (Greek: ; Latin: ') in Byzantine sources. Ferdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardashir III
Ardashir III ( pal, 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥, Ardašir; 62127 April 630) was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 6 September 628 to 27 April 630. Name ''Ardashir'' is the Middle Persian form of the Old Persian ''Ṛtaxšira'' (also spelled ''Artaxšaçā'', meaning "whose reign is through truth"). The Latin variant of the name is '. Three kings of the Achaemenid Empire were known to have the same name. He is also recorded in Greek as ''Adeser'' ( el, Αδεσήρ; Theophanes the Confessor) and ''Artaxes'' ( el, Αρτάξης; '' Chronographeion Syntomon''). Background Ardashir was the son of king Kavad II (r. 628) and Anzoy, who was a princess from the Byzantine Empire, which made Ardashir less popular among the Iranians, who had recently been in a long and devastating war against the Byzantines. In 628, a devastating plague spread through western Iran, which claimed the lives of half of the population, including Kavad II himself. Reign After the death of Kavad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plague Of Sheroe
The Plague of Shiryue (627–628) or Shiruye's Plague takes its name from the Sasanian monarch Kavad II, whose birth name was Shiruye. The plague was an epidemic that devastated the western provinces of the Sasanian Empire, mainly Mesopotamia (''Asorestan''), killing half of its population, including the reigning Sasanian king Kavad II, who died in the fall of 628 CE, only a few months into his reign. It killed more than 100,000 people in Ctesiphon. The Plague of Shiruye was one of several epidemics that occurred in or close to Iran within two centuries after the first plague pandemic was brought by the Sasanian armies from its campaigns in Constantinople, Syria, and Armenia. There was a subsequent plague outbreak from 634 to 642 during the reign of Yazdegerd III. The death of Kavad II destabilized the Sasanian Empire, which was still trying to recover from the losses incurred by the wars of Kavad II's father, Khosrow II, as well as the raging plague. When the Arabs invaded dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthia
Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC, was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC, and formed part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire following the 4th-century-BC conquests of Alexander the Great. The region later served as the political and cultural base of the Eastern Iranian Parni people and Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD). The Sasanian Empire, the last state of pre-Islamic Iran, also held the region and maintained the seven Parthian clans as part of their feudal aristocracy. Name The name "Parthia" is a continuation from Latin ', from Old Persian ', which was the Parthian language self-designator signifying "of the Parthians" who were an Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasanian Civil War Of 628–632
The Sasanian civil war of 628–632, also known as the Sasanian Interregnum was a conflict that broke out after the execution of the Sasanian king Khosrau II between the nobles of different factions, notably the Parthian (''Pahlav'') faction, the Persian (''Parsig'') faction, the Nimruzi faction, and the faction of general Shahrbaraz. Rapid turnover of rulers and increasing provincial landholder power further diminished the empire. Over a period of 4 years and 14 successive kings, the Sasanian Empire weakened considerably, and the power of the central authority passed into the hands of its generals, contributing to its fall. Background In 628, Khosrau II was overthrown by the feudal families of Iran, which included The Ispahbudhan ''spahbed'' Farrukh Hormizd and his two sons Rostam Farrokhzad and Farrukhzad. Shahrbaraz of Mihran family, the Armenian faction represented by Varaztirots II Bagratuni, and finally Kanadbak of the Kanārangīyān family. On 25 February, Khosrau's s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardanshah (Sasanian Prince)
Mardanshah ( fa, مردانشاه) was a 7th-century Sasanian prince. He was the son of the Sasanian king (shah) Khosrow II () and Shirin, and was the preferred successor of the Sasanian Empire. He was later killed along with his brothers and half-brothers by his half-brother Kavad II Shērōē (also spelled Shīrūya, New Persian: ), better known by his dynastic name of Kavad II ( pal, 𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲 ''Kawād''; New Persian: قباد ''Qobād'' or ''Qabād''), was king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire briefly in 628. He was t ... in 628. References Sources * * 7th-century Iranian people 628 deaths Year of birth unknown Sasanian princes People executed by the Sasanian Empire Heirs apparent who never acceded Children of Khosrow II {{Sasanian-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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