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Ayaş Tunnel
The Ayaş Tunnel ( tr, Ayaş Tüneli) is a railway tunnel under construction near Ayaş town of Ankara Province in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It was initially projected to shorten the railway line connecting Ankara with Istanbul. Background The construction of Ayaş Tunnel was planned in 1943 as part of a higher-speed rail service project. The -long tunnel would enable to shorten the distance of between Istanbul and Ankara about to . The travel time would reduce from seven-and-half hours to two-and-half hours. After 33-years of suspension, the project came into force in 1976 when groundbreaking took place in presence of Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel on the western entrance at Ayaş side of the mountain. The next year in 1977, Deputy Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan initiated the digging work at the tunnel's opposite entrance in the east near Erkeksu village. At that time, it was announced that the construction of the -long tunnel would be completed in seven years. During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayaş, Ankara
Ayaş is a town and district of Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 58 km from the city of Ankara which is very rich for historical monuments. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 21,239 of which 7,839 live in the urban center of Ayaş. The district covers an area of , and the average elevation is . The district is known for its mulberry trees, its tasty tomatoes and its healing mineral water spas, both for drinking and bathing. There is an annual mulberry festival in the town of Ayaş. The town has a long history and is mentioned in folk songs and the journals of the traveller Evliya Çelebi. History The citizens of Ayaş were Oghuz tribes as the village names Bayat, Afşar and Peçenek implies. In 1554, it became a sanjak center, and in 1864 it became a Kaza in Ankara Vilayeti. In Ottoman period, education was advanced in Ayaş. In 1900, there were eight medreses, two primary mektep A kuttab ( ar, كُتَّاب ''kuttāb' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binali Yıldırım
Binali Yıldırım (; born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who served as the 27th and last Prime Minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Speaker of the Grand National Assembly from 2018 to 2019. He was Leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from 2016 to 2017, then becoming parliamentary leader until 2018. Yıldırım served as chairman of the board of Directors of İstanbul Fast Ferries Company (İDO) from 1994 to 2000 before being elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for İstanbul's first electoral district during the 2002 general election. He was appointed as Minister of Transport by Prime Minister Abdullah Gül and continued in office after Erdoğan became Prime Minister in 2003. As Transport Minister, he presided over numerous projects such as Marmaray, high-speed rail lines and an expansion in the country's airport and road facilities, though received heavy criticism and calls for his resignation following the Pamukova train derailment in 2004. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hürriyet
''Hürriyet'' (, ''Liberty'') is one of the major Turkish newspapers, founded in 1948. , it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. ''Hürriyet'' has a mainstream, liberal and conservative outlook. ''Hürriyet'' combines entertainment value with news coverage. ''Hürriyet'' has regional offices in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Antalya and Trabzon, as well as a news network comprising 52 offices and 600 reporters in Turkey and abroad, all affiliated with Doğan News Agency, which primarily serves newspapers and television channels that were previously under the management of Doğan Media Group (Doğan Yayın Holding). ''Hürriyet'' is printed in six cities in Turkey and in Frankfurt, Germany. , according to Alexa, its website was the tenth most visited in Turkey, the second most visited of a newspaper and the fourth most visited news website. On 21 March 2018, Doğan Yayın Holding, the parent company of Hürriyet, was sold to Demirören H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milliyet
''Milliyet'' ( Turkish for "''nationality''") is a Turkish daily newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey. History and profile ''Milliyet'' came to publishing life at the Nuri Akça press in Babıali, Istanbul as a daily private newspaper on 3 May 1950. Its owner was Ali Naci Karacan. After his death in 1955 the paper was published by his son, Encüment Karacan. For a number of years the person who made his mark on the paper as the editor in chief was Abdi İpekçi. İpekçi managed to raise the standards of the Turkish press by introducing his journalistic criteria. On 1 February 1979, İpekçi was murdered by Mehmet Ali Ağca, who would later attempt to assassinate the Pope John Paul II. ''Milliyet'' is published in broadsheet format. In 2001 ''Milliyet'' had a circulation of 337,000 copies. According to comScore, ''Milliyet'''s website is the fifth most visited news website in Europe. Ownership In 1979 the founding Karacan family sold the paper to Aydın Doğan. Erdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabah (newspaper)
''Sabah'' is a Turkish daily newspaper, with a circulation of around 330,000 as of 2011. Its name means "morning" in Turkish. The newspaper was founded in İzmir by Dinç Bilgin on 22 April 1985. In 2007, the government of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seized the newspaper, citing a legal document that had not been disclosed to authorities when ''Sabah'' was sold in 2001. Ownership of the newspaper was given to the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund of Turkey. Some of the newspaper's staffers were fired, and the paper was then sold to the Turkuvaz Media Group belonging to Çalık Holding whose CEO, Berat Albayrak, is the son-in-law of Erdoğan and whose chairman, Ahmet Çalık, has been described as a "close associate" of Erdoğan. The $1.1bn sale aroused substantial controversy in Turkey, not least because it was partially financed by $750m of loans from two state banks, VakıfBank and Halkbank, and was sold for the minimum price, with Çalık Holding the sole bidd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Austrian Tunnelling Method
The New Austrian tunneling method (NATM), also known as the sequential excavation method (SEM) or sprayed concrete lining method (SCL), is a method of modern tunnel design and construction employing sophisticated monitoring to optimize various wall reinforcement techniques based on the type of rock encountered as tunneling progresses. This technique first gained attention in the 1960s based on the work of Ladislaus von Rabcewicz, Leopold Müller, and Franz Pacher between 1957 and 1965 in Austria. The name NATM was intended to distinguish it from earlier methods, with its economic advantage of employing inherent geological strength available in the surrounding rock mass to stabilize the tunnel wherever possible rather than reinforcing the entire tunnel. NATM/SEM is generally thought to have helped revolutionise the modern tunneling industry. Many modern tunnels have used this excavation technique. The works built by the Sequential Excavation Method are very attractive from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cut-and-cover
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in the tunnel. Some tunnels are used as sewers or aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations. Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment. Secret tunnels are built for military purposes, or by civilians for smuggling of weapons, contraband, or people. Special tunnels, such as wildlife crossings, are built to allow wildlife to cross human-made barriers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics. The term ''aerodynamics'' is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air. The formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier. Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier-than-air flight, which was first demonstrated by Otto Lilienthal in 1891. Since then, the use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations has formed a rational basis fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sincan, Ankara
Sincan is a metropolitan district of Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, a large town 27 km from the city of Ankara. According to 2010 census, the population of Sincan is 456,420 The district covers an area of , and the average elevation is . Sincan has friendly relations with the municipality of Doboj Jug from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sincan District hosts ASO 1. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, the biggest Organized Industrial Zone in Ankara, operated by Ankara Chamber of Industry. Demographics Geography Sincan stands on a plain surrounded by hills and watered by the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. There is some agriculture and light industry in Sincan, but the majority of people commute to Ankara by rail. The symbol of the municipality is the tulip. The central square is called ''Lale Meydanı'' ( Turkish for "tulip square"), and every year a tulip festival is held where plastic tulips are handed out in the streets. History Even prior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çayırhan
Çayırhan is a town in Ankara Province, Turkey Geography Çayırhan is in Nallıhan district of Ankara Province. It is situated to the north of Sarıyar Dam reservoir and on Turkish state highway at . The distance to Nallıhan is and to Ankara is . The population of the town is 9039 as of 2011. History The earliest document about the origin of the town is dated in early 1600s. While Nasuh Pasha (later grandvizier) of the Ottoman Empire was travelling from Aleppo (now in Syria) to İstanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_in ... he commissioned three hans (inn, a type of caravanserai) . The settlements around these hans were named after the hans; namely Nallıhan, Çayırhan and Uluhan. The town flourished after 1954, when lignite fields were found around the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trona
Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3•2NaHCO3•3H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. Etymology The word entered English by way of either Swedish () or Spanish (), with both possible sources having the same meaning as in English. Both of these derive from the Arabic ''trōn'', which in turn derives from the Arabic ''natron'', and Hebrew (''natruna''), which comes from ancient Greek (''nitron''), derived ultimately from ancient Egyptian ''ntry'' (or ''nitry'’). Natural deposits Trona is found at Owens Lake and Searles Lake, California; the Green River Formation of Wyoming and Utah; the Makgadikgadi Pans in Botswana and in the Nile Valley in Egypt. The trona near Green River, Wyoming, is the largest known deposit in the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
