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Avani Sulamani
Maravarman Avanisulamani (IAST: Avaniśūlāmani; ''r. c.'' 620–645 CE) was a Pandya ruler of early historic south India. He was the son and successor of Kadungon, who revived the Pandya dynastic power after the Kalabhra interregnum. Not much information is available about either of these kings. Velvikkudi Grant (a later copper-plate inscription) is the only source information about Avanisulamani. The grant praises the Pandya, claiming that he removed the common ownership of the Earth (by making it his own) and married the goddess of the flower (Lakshmi). Maravarman Avanisulamani was succeeded by his son Seliyan Sendan (Jayantavarman). Dates * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri — c. 620–645 CE. * T. V. Sadasiva Pandarathar — c. 600–625 CE. * Noboru Karashima was a Japanese historian, writer and Professor Emeritus in University of Tokyo, Japan. He also served as Professor Emeritus at the Taisho University, Japan. He was a prominent scholar of Asia in the studi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadungon
:''Kadungon or Kadunkon was also the name an earlier Pandyan Kingdom, Pandya king, mentioned in the Sangam literature.'' Kadungon was a Pandyan Kingdom, Pandya king who revived the Pandya rule in South India in the 6th century CE. Along with the Pallava king Simhavishnu, he is credited with ending the Kalabhra rule, marking the beginning of a new era in the Tamil speaking region. Kadungon's title was "Pandyadhiraja", and his capital was Madurai. He was succeeded by his son Avani Sulamani, Maravarman Avanisulamani. Dates Most historians, including R. C. Majumdar, state the period of Kadungon rule as 590–620 CE. * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (the first assumption) — c. 600–620 CE * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (revised date) — c. 590–620 CE * Noboru Karashima — c. 560–90 CE (or) c. 590–620 CE Velvikudi Grant The Sangam literature mentions the Early Pandyan Kingdom, early Pandya dynasty, which is believed to have gone into obscurity during the Kalabhra i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jayantavarman
Jayantavarman (''r. c''. 654–670 CE), known in Tamil as Seliyan Sendan, was a Pandya ruler of early historic south India. He is best known for extending the Pandya rule to the Chera country (Kerala). He was succeeded by his son Maravarman Arikesari Parankusan. Names Jayantavarman (of the Smaller Sinnamanur Plates) is described as Seliyan Sendan in the Velvikkudi Grant. Sendan is the Tamil form of the Sanskrit name "Jayantan". The Velvikkudi Grant uses the Chera title "Vanavan" for Sendan. This probably signifies his victory over a Chera king (or the extension of the Pandya rule to the Chera country). Dates * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (the first assumption) — c. 645–670 CE * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (revised date) — c. 654–670 CE * T. V. Sadasiva Pandarathar — c. 600–625 CE. * K. V. Raman — ascension year = 653 CE. * Noboru Karashima — c. 620–650 CE (or) c. 654–670 CE Life and career Jayantavarman was the son and successor of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during the nineteenth century from suggestions by Charles Trevelyan, William Jones, Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva Oriental Congress, in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for the reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to the original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Usage Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repositories such as SARIT, Muktabodha, GRETIL, and sanskritdocuments.org. The IAST scheme represents more than a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalabhra Interregnum
The Kalabhra dynasty, also called ''Kaḷabrar'', ''Kaḷappirar'', ''Kallupura'' or Kalvar, were rulers of all or parts of Tamil region sometime between the 3rd century and 6th century CE, after the ancient dynasties of the early Cholas, the early Pandyas and Chera. Information about the origin and reign of the Kalabhras is uncertain and scarce. Their proposed roots vary from southeast region of modern Karnataka, Kalappalars of Vellalar community, to Kalavar chieftains. This age is generally called "The Augustan age of Tamil Literature", in a 1922 book by the name "Studies in South Indian Jainism" written by M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar and B. Seshagiri Rao. The Kalabhra era is sometimes referred to as the "dark period" of Tamil history, and information about it is generally inferred from any mentions in the literature and inscriptions that are dated many centuries after their era ended. According to ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', the Kalabhras were largely overthrown in the 5th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velvikkudi Grant
The Velvikudi inscription is an 8th-century bilingual copper-plate grant from the Pandya kingdom of southern India. Inscribed in Tamil and Sanskrit languages, it records the renewal of a grant of the Velvikudi village to a brahmana by the Pandya king Nedunjadaiyan Varaguna-varman I alias Jatila Parantaka (r. c. 768—815 CE) in c. 769-770 CE. Date The grant was made in the third regnal year of the king Nedunjadaiyan (also transliterated as Neduncheliyan), whose reign is dated to c. 765–815 CE. The grant recorded in the inscription was probably made in 769-770 CE, but there is some controversy about its actual date. Physical features * The record is in form of ten copper plates, each measuring 27.5 x 8 cm. * The plates are held together by a thin copper ring, without a seal. * British Museum's ''Indian Charters on Copper Plates in the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books'' (1975) states that these copper plates were found at Madakulam. Language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noboru Karashima
was a Japanese historian, writer and Professor Emeritus in University of Tokyo, Japan. He also served as Professor Emeritus at the Taisho University, Japan. He was a prominent scholar of Asia in the studies of south Indian and South Asian histories. He has rewritten historical accounts on medieval south India and published a number of writings. Professor Karashima played a critical role in developing Indo-Japan cultural ties and was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2013, one of India's highest civilian award, for his contribution in the field of literature and education. In a rare gesture the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh handed over the award personally to Professor Karashima in Tokyo. He died of leukemia in November, 2015. Position held *President of the Epigraphical Society of India in 1985. *President of the Japan Association for South Asian Studies from 1996 to 2000. *He was the President of International Association of Tamil Research (IATR) from 1989 to 2010. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th-century Indian Monarchs
The 7th century is the period from 601 ( DCI) through 700 ( DCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era. The spread of Islam and the Muslim conquests began with the unification of Arabia by Muhammad starting in 622. After Muhammad's death in 632, Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) and the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). The Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century led to the downfall of the Sasanian Empire. Also conquered during the 7th century were Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Egypt, and North Africa. The Byzantine Empire suffered setbacks during the rapid expansion of the Caliphate, a mass incursion of Slavs in the Balkans which reduced its territorial limits. The decisive victory at the Siege of Constantinople in the 670s led the empire to retain Asia Minor which assured the existence of the empire. In the Iberian Peninsula, the 7th century was known as the ''Siglo de Concilios'' (century of councils) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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