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Arthur Wilson (crystallographer)
Arthur James Cochran Wilson, FRS (28 November 1914 – 1 July 1995) was a Canadian-British crystallographer known for his work on the statistical aspects of X-ray crystallography. Education and career He was born in Springhill, Nova Scotia. He was educated at King's Collegiate School, Windsor, Nova Scotia and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia where he was awarded a BSc in 1934 and an MSc in 1936. He then proceeded to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received his first PhD in 1938 on the anomalous thermal behaviour of the ferro-electric Rochelle salt. Awarded an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship in 1937, he left MIT for St John's College, Cambridge and the Cavendish Laboratory in 1938. There he made accurate measurements of the thermal expansion of aluminium and lead and gained a second PhD in 1942, acquiring a lifelong interest in X-ray crystallography in the process. His interest was particularly stimulated by a research paper he was asked to review ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springhill, Nova Scotia
Springhill is a community located in central Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The community was founded as "Springhill Mines." Coal mining led to economic growth, with its incorporation as a town in 1889. The mines in the Springhill coalfield were established in the 19th century, and by the early 1880s were being worked by the Cumberland Coal & Railway Company Ltd. and the Springhill & Parrsboro Coal & Railway Company Ltd. These entities merged in 1884 to form the Cumberland Railway & Coal Company Ltd., which its investors sold in 1910 to the industrial conglomerate Dominion Coal Company Ltd. (DOMCO). All coal mining had ceased in the area by the early 1970s. The community is famous for both the Springhill Mining Disaster and being the childhood home of international recording star Anne Murray, who is honoured by the Anne Murray Centre, a popular tourist attraction. As of 2015 the mine properties, among the deepest in the world, with the No. 2 mine reaching 14,300 fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including phase transitions. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, molecules begin to vibrate and move more, usually creating more distance between themselves. Substances which contract with increasing temperature are unusual, and only occur within limited temperature ranges (see examples below). The relative expansion (also called strain) divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of linear thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. As energy in particles increases, they start moving faster and faster weakening the intermolecular forces between them, therefore expanding the substance. Overview Predicting expansion If an equation of state is available, it can be used to predict the values of the thermal expan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1914 Births
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. Events January * January 1 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the United States starts services between St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with Tony Jannus (the first federally-licensed pilot) conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure. * January 11 – The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large earthquake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harriett C
Harriet(t) may refer to: * Harriet (name), a female name ''(includes list of people with the name)'' Places *Harriet, Queensland, rural locality in Australia * Harriet, Arkansas, unincorporated community in the United States * Harriett, Texas, unincorporated community in the United States Ships * ''Harriet'' (1798 ship), built at Pictou Shipyard, Nova Scotia, Canada * ''Harriet'' (1802 EIC ship), East India Company ship * ''Harriet'' (1810 ship), American ship * ''Harriet'' (1813 ship), American ship * ''Harriet'' (1829 ship), British Royal Navy ship * ''Harriet'' (1836 ship), British ship * ''Harriet'' (fishing smack), 1893 British trawler preserved in Fleetwood Museum Other * Harriet (band), an alternative Americana band from Los Angeles * ''Harriet'' (film), a 2019 biographical film about Harriet Tubman * ''Harriet the Spy'' (TV series), a 2021 animated TV series * List of storms named Harriet See also * * Harriot (other) * Harry (other) * Harriette ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of Crystallography
The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) is an organisation devoted to the international promotion and coordination of the science of crystallography. The IUCr is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). Objectives The objectives of the IUCr are to promote international cooperation in crystallography and to contribute to all aspects of crystallography, to promote international publication of crystallographic research, to facilitate standardization of methods, units, nomenclatures and symbols, and to form a focus for the relations of crystallography to other sciences. The IUCr fulfils these objectives by publishing in print and electronically primary scientific journals through the ''Acta Crystallographica'' journal series, as well as ''Journal of Applied Crystallography'', ''Journal of Synchrotron Radiation'', '' IUCrJ'', the series of reference volumes ''International Tables for Crystallography'', distributing the quarterly ''IUCr Newsletter'', mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Crystallographic Association
The British Crystallographic Association (BCA) is an association for crystallographers, based in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest crystallographic societies in the world. The Association administers a Dorothy Hodgkin Prize and an Arnold Beevers Bursary Fund. See also * American Crystallographic Association * German Crystallographic Society The German Crystallographic Society (''Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kristallographie'', or DGK in German) is a non-profit organization based in Berlin. As a voluntary association of scientists working in crystallography or interested in crystallograp ... References External links BCA website Organizations with year of establishment missing Crystallography organizations Professional associations based in the United Kingdom Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom {{prof-assoc-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceedings Of The Royal Society
''Proceedings of the Royal Society'' is the main research journal of the Royal Society. The journal began in 1831 and was split into two series in 1905: * Series A: for papers in physical sciences and mathematics. * Series B: for papers in life sciences. Many landmark scientific discoveries are published in the Proceedings, making it one of the most historically significant science journals. The journal contains several articles written by the most celebrated names in science, such as Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Ernest Rutherford, Erwin Schrödinger, William Lawrence Bragg, Lord Kelvin, J.J. Thomson, James Clerk Maxwell, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking. In 2004, the Royal Society began ''The Journal of the Royal Society Interface'' for papers at the interface of physical sciences and life sciences. History The journal began in 1831 as a compilation of abstracts of papers in the ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'', the older Royal Society publication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acta Crystallographica
''Acta Crystallographica'' is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals, with articles centred on crystallography, published by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). Originally established in 1948 as a single journal called ''Acta Crystallographica'', there are now six independent ''Acta Crystallographica'' titles: *'' Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances'' *'' Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials'' *'' Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry'' *'' Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology'' *'' Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications'' *'' Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology Communications'' ''Acta Crystallographica'' has been noted for the high quality of the papers that it produces, as well as the large impact that its papers have had on the field of crystallography. The current six journals form part of the journal portf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powder Diffraction
Powder diffraction is a scientific technique using X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization of materials. An instrument dedicated to performing such powder measurements is called a powder diffractometer. Powder diffraction stands in contrast to single crystal diffraction techniques, which work best with a single, well-ordered crystal. Explanation A diffractometer produces electromagnetic radiation (waves) with known wavelength and frequency, which is determined by their source. The source is often x-rays, because they are the only kind of energy with the optimal wavelength for inter-atomic-scale diffraction. However, electrons and neutrons are also common sources, with their frequency determined by their de Broglie wavelength. When these waves reach the sample, the incoming beam is either reflected off the surface, or can enter the lattice and be diffracted by the atoms present in the sample. If the atoms are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Substance
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living thing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , Medicinal plant, plants, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Viriamu Jones
John Viriamu Jones, FRS (2 January 1856 – 1 June 1901), was a Welsh scientist, who worked on measuring the ohm, and an educationalist who was instrumental in establishing the University of Sheffield and Cardiff University. (Reproduced on the Dictionary of Welsh Biography website of the National Library of Wales.) Early life and studies John Viriamu Jones was born on 2 January 1856 in Pentrepoeth in Swansea, the third of the six children of Thomas Jones, a celebrated Independent clergyman, and Jane Jones. He was named after the missionary and martyr John Williams – 'Viriamu' being the Erromanga for "Williams". His older siblings were David Brynmor (b. 1851) and Annie; his younger brothers were Irvonwy, Leifchild Stratten (b. 1862) and Morlais Glasfryn. His older brother, David Brynmor Jones, and younger brother, Leifchild Jones, 1st Baron Rhayader, both achieved prominence in public life. In 1858 Jones's parents moved to London, and he was educated firstly at a private ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
