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Arteriviridae
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Suid 1
''Betaarterivirus suid 1'', formerly ''Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus'' (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in Chinese, ''zhū láněr bìng'' 豬藍耳病). This economically important, panzootic disease causes reproductive failure in breeding stock and respiratory tract illness in young pigs. History PRRS earlier known as “mystery swine disease” and “blue ear disease” during 1987-1988 in the United States and Canada caused first undiagnosed outbreaks, characterized by reproductive losses combined with respiratory signs. In 1990-1991, a similar disease was reported in several European countries such as Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain. The emergence of PRRS in Japan, Taiwan and mainland China was reported in 1987, 1991 and 1996, respectively. According to the WOAH, the disease is now pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arteriviridae
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variarterivirinae
''Variarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains three genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Variarterivirinae'' contains three genera: *'' Betaarterivirus'' *'' Gammaarterivirus'' *'' Nuarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394646 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simarterivirinae
''Simarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrate. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains six genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Simarterivirinae'' contains six genera: *'' Deltaarterivirus'' *'' Epsilonarterivirus'' *'' Etaarterivirus'' *'' Iotaarterivirus'' *'' Thetaarterivirus'' *'' Zetaarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394656 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2
''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' is a species of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect domestic pigs. Members of the species are also known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2. Member viruses are a type of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). The two types of PRRSV are distinguished by which genomic cluster they are associated with. Type 1 is associated with a LV cluster. Type 2 is associated with a VR2332 cluster. PRRSV is in the ''Arteriviridae'' family and the order ''Nidovirales ''Nidovirales'' is an order of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the fami ...''. It has a positive sense RNA genome that is 15 kb long. This genome consists of ten open reading frames (ORFs) with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR. PRRSV causes porcine reprod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
''Deltaarterivirus hemfev'', formerly ''Simian hemorrhagic fever virus'' or ''simian haemorrhagic fever virus'' (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family ''Arteriviridae''. It is the only member of the subgenus ''Hedartevirus''. Hosts Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV. In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV. Symptoms Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidovirales
''Nidovirales'' is an order of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the families ''Coronaviridae'', ''Arteriviridae, Roniviridae,'' and ''Mesoniviridae''. Member viruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. Nidoviruses are named for the Latin ''nidus'', meaning nest, as all viruses in this order produce a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNAs during infection. Virology Structure Nidoviruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. The group expresses structural proteins separately from the nonstructural ones. The structural proteins are encoded at the 3’ region of the genome and are expressed from a set of subgenomic mRNAs. Member viruses encode one main protei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) constitutes the species ''Gamamaarterivirus lacdeh'' which is part of the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order '' Nidovirales''. The order ''Nidovirales'' also includes the family of coronaviruses. Arteriviruses infect macrophages in animals and cause a variety of diseases. LDV specifically causes lifelong persistent viremia in mice, but does not harm the host and only slightly harms the immune system. The main clinical sign is an increased level of the plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDV has a remarkably narrow cell type specificity, meaning nothing homologous with LDV in mice has been found in another species. Discovery LDV was discovered in 1960 by Dr. Vernon Riley and his colleagues while they were working with plasma enzymes in tumor-bearing mice. They found that many types of transplantable tumors caused a five to tenfold increase in the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity within three days of the transplantation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primate
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including humans). Primates arose 85–55 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals, which adapted to living in the trees of tropical forests: many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging environment, including large brains, visual acuity, color vision, a shoulder girdle allowing a large degree of movement in the shoulder joint, and dextrous hands. Primates range in size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs , to the eastern gorilla, weighing over . There are 376–524 species of living primates, depending on which classification is used. New primate species continue to be discovered: over 25 species were described in the 2000s, 36 in the 2010s, and three in the 2020s. Primates have large bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrate
Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described. Vertebrates comprise such groups as the following: * jawless fish, which include hagfish and lampreys * jawed vertebrates, which include: ** cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and ratfish) ** bony vertebrates, which include: *** ray-fins (the majority of living bony fish) *** lobe-fins, which include: **** coelacanths and lungfish **** tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ''Paedophryne amauensis'', at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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