Armando Castelar
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Armando Castelar
Armando Castelar (born 5 November 1955 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian economist who was Head of the Economics Department of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for eight years, leading the Bank's research work and advising the Executive Board on macroeconomic issues. He is also a former analyst of Arminio Fraga and his Gávea Investimentos. Since 2010 he has been Coordinator of Applied Economic Research at Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE)/Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), Brazil's leading think tank, and Professor of Economics at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Background Castelar earned a Ph.D. in Economics (University of California, Berkeley), Master's degrees in Statistics (IMPA) and Business Administration (COPPEAD) and a bachelor's degree in Electronic Engineering (ITA). His current research focuses on macroeconomics, infrastructure regulation, national development banks, and financial services, although past work included studies about financ ...
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Armando Castelar
Armando Castelar (born 5 November 1955 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian economist who was Head of the Economics Department of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for eight years, leading the Bank's research work and advising the Executive Board on macroeconomic issues. He is also a former analyst of Arminio Fraga and his Gávea Investimentos. Since 2010 he has been Coordinator of Applied Economic Research at Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE)/Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), Brazil's leading think tank, and Professor of Economics at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Background Castelar earned a Ph.D. in Economics (University of California, Berkeley), Master's degrees in Statistics (IMPA) and Business Administration (COPPEAD) and a bachelor's degree in Electronic Engineering (ITA). His current research focuses on macroeconomics, infrastructure regulation, national development banks, and financial services, although past work included studies about financ ...
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Rio De Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a beta global city, Rio de Janeiro is the sixth-most populous city in the Americas. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a k ...
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Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ...
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Brazilian Development Bank
The National Bank for Economic and Social Development ( pt, Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, abbreviated: BNDES) is a development bank structured as a federal public company associated with the Ministry of the Economy of Brazil. The stated goal is to provide long-term financing for endeavors that contribute to the country's development. BNDES is one of the largest development banks in the world (after the Chinese Development Bank, which boasts assets of around RMB 7.52 trillion, or around $1.2 tn). Its non-performing loan ratio is also less favorable (2.2%) compared to the CDB's that stands below 1%. Among the objectives of BNDES are the strengthening of the capital structure of private companies, the development of capital markets, the trading of machines and equipment and the financing of exports. Since its establishment on June 20, 1952, BNDES has financed large-scale industrial and infrastructure endeavors and has played a significant role in the suppor ...
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Arminio Fraga
Armínio Fraga Neto (born 20 July 1957, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian economist who was president of the Central Bank of Brazil from 1999 to 2003. From 1993 until his appointment to the Central Bank, he was Managing Director of Soros Fund Management in New York. Since 2001, he has been a member of the influential Washington-based financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty. Education Fraga received his PhD in economics from Princeton University in 1985. Career In 2003, he founded the Rio de Janeiro based investment company, Gávea Investimentos. Fraga has been called the Alan Greenspan of Latin America for his skillful handling of Brazilian monetary policy during his tenure as CBB president. Fraga worked for both Fernando Henrique Cardoso governments. In 2009, Fraga served on the High Level Commission on the Modernization of World Bank Group Governance, which – under the leadership of Ernesto Zedillo – conducted an external review of the World Bank Group's governance ...
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Gávea Investimentos
The Gávea Group comprises two investment management firms (Gávea Investimentos and Gávea Equity) and one distributor (Gávea DTVM). These are regulated by the Central Bank of Brazil, the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM (Brazil’s equivalent to the US SEC) and the Brazilian Financial and Capital Markets Association (ANBIMA). Assets under management of approximately US$3.5 billion as of March 2019. Gávea was founded in the 2nd quarter of 2003 by Arminio Fraga and Luiz Henrique Fraga, launching its first two products in August of that same year. Its activities are focused on four lines of business; hedge funds, private equity funds, equity funds and real estate funds. Gávea has offices in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with a staff of approximately 150. In November 2010, Gávea announced the sale of a majority interest in its capital to J.P. Morgan Asset Management, the asset management arm of JPMorgan Chase. And consequently, creating a strategic alliance with Hi ...
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Instituto Brasileiro De Economia
The Instituto Brasileiro de Economia, (IBRE) (''Brazilian Institute of Economics'') is a Brazilian institute located in Rio de Janeiro. IBRE was founded in 1951, originally lead by Jorge Kingston and Alexandre Kafka, linked to the Fundação Getúlio Vargas. IBRE focuses on measurements and applied research concerning the Brazilian economy. The IBRE includes: the Data Management Division ("Divisão de Gestão de Dados" – DGD) − in charge of producing and disseminating economic statistics; the Applied Economics Division ("Divisão de Economia Aplicada" – DEA) − in charge of studies on the Brazilian economy; and the Publications and Events Division ("Divisão de Publicações e Eventos" – DPE). The Applied Economics Division (DEA) is made up of the Social Policy Center ("Centro de Políticas Sociais" – CPS), the Center for Agriculture Studies ("Centro de Estudos Agrícolas"), the Center for Economic Growth ("Centro de Crescimento Econômico"), the Center for International ...
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Foreign Policy
A State (polity), state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through multilateralism, multilateral platforms.Foreign policy
''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (published January 30, 2020).
The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' notes that a government's foreign policy may be influenced by "domestic considerations, the policies or behaviour of other states, or plans to advance specific geopolitical designs."


History

The idea of long-term management of relationships followed the development of professional diplomatic corps that managed diplomacy. In the 18th century, due to extreme turbulence in History of Europe# ...
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University Of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system. Its fourteen colleges and schools offer over 350 degree programs and enroll some 31,800 undergraduate and 13,200 graduate students. Berkeley ranks among the world's top universities. A founding member of the Association of American Universities, Berkeley hosts many leading research institutes dedicated to science, engineering, and mathematics. The university founded and maintains close relationships with three national laboratories at Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos, and has played a prominent role in many scientific advances, from the Manhattan Project and the discovery of 16 chemical elements to breakthroughs in computer science and genomics. Berkeley is ...
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National Development Bank
A national development bank is a development bank created by a country's government that provides financing for the purposes of economic development of the country. List of development banks Americas * Business Development Bank of Canada * Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) * Banco de Desarrollo de El Salvador (BANDESAL), El Salvador * Corporación Financiera de Desarrollo (Cofide), Peru * Financiera de Desarrollo Territorial (FINDETER), Colombia * Puerto Rico Government Development Bank * Development Bank of Jamaica, Jamaica *Reconstruction Finance Corporation Europe * Development Bank of Austria * British Business Bank * Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK) of Poland * Black Sea Trade and Development Bank * Banque publique d'investissement, Bpifrance * Bulgarian Development Bank * Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations * Cassa Depositi e Prestiti * Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development * Eurasian Development Bank *European Investment Bank * Hellenic Industrial Developme ...
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Business Day (South Africa)
''Business Day'' is a national daily newspaper in South Africa, published weekdays (Monday to Friday) and also available as an e-paper. Based in Parktown, Johannesburg, it is edited by Alexander Parker and published by Arena Holdings, which is also the parent company of the ''Financial Mail'' magazine and Business Day TV (formerly known as Summit TV). The newspaper, launched on 1 May 1985, covers all major national and international news, with a specific focus on the South African economy and business sector, companies and financial markets. It also contains an influential opinion section with several popular columnists, along with coverage of sport, travel, books, arts and entertainment. ''Business Day'' has its digital identity on BusinessLIVE. It also has apps for the iPhone and iPad, Android devices and Huawei devices. Supplements *Motor News (Thursdays) *Home Front (Once a month) * Investors Monthly (Once a month) *Sport (Once a month) *Wanted (Once a month) Distributi ...
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