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Armagh Prison Dirty Protest
The 1980–1981 Armagh Prison Dirty Protest occurred at the all-women Armagh (HM Prison), Armagh Prison in Northern Ireland, where prisoners refused to bathe, use the lavatory, empty chamber pots, or clean their cells. This resulted in unsanitary conditions and increased abuse at the hands of the prison guards. The protest borrowed tactics previously used by male Irish republican prisoners in Long Kesh Prison (informally known as the Maze Prison), that had started in 1978. Special Category Status Since a hunger strike of 40 IRA prisoners in 1972, prisoners convicted as members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) had been given Special Category Status by the British government.Beresford, David. "Ten Men Dead: the Story of the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike". New York: ''Atlantic Monthly'', 1997. This Special Category Status, which classified them as political prisoners rather than as members of the general population, entitled them to certain privileges. These benefits, including the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armagh (HM Prison)
Armagh Prison in Armagh, Northern Ireland, is a former prison. The construction of the prison began in the 1780 and it was extended in the style of Pentonville Prison in the 1840 and 1850s. For most of its working life Armagh Gaol was the primary women's prison in Ulster. Although the prison is often described as Armagh Women's Gaol, at various points in its history, various wings in the prison were used to hold male prisoners. During the period of the Operation Demetrius, internment, 33 republican women were interned in the prison from 1973 to 1975. On 19 April 1979, Agnes Wallace (40), a prison officer, was shot dead and three colleagues were injured in an Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) gun and grenade attack outside the prison. The prison was the scene of a protest by female Irish republican prisoners demanding the reinstatement of political status, although the numbers involved were much smaller than in the Maze (HM Prison), Maze (also known as Long Kesh) men's pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminist Review
''Feminist Review'' is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal with a focus on exploring gender in its multiple forms and interrelationships. The journal was established in 1979. It is published by SAGE Publishing and is edited by a collective. Abstracting and indexing According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 0.932. See also *Gender studies *List of women's studies journals *''Feminist Studies Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining social and cultural constructs of gender; systems of privilege and oppressi ...'' * ''Signs'' *'' Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies'' References External links * English-language journals Feminist journals SAGE Publishing academic journals Publications established in 1979 Triannual journals Women's studies journals {{gender-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an " irregular war" or " low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe. The conflict was primarily political and nationalistic, fuelled by historical events. It also had an ethnic or sectarian dimension but despite use of the terms 'Protestant' and 'Catholic' to refer to the two sides, it was not a religious conflict. A key issue was the status of Northern Ireland. Unionists and loyalists, who for historical reasons were mostly Ulster Protestants, wanted Northern Ireland to remain within the United Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In Northern Ireland
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as a type of protest called civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Northern Ireland
Since 1998, Northern Ireland has devolved government within the United Kingdom. The government and Parliament of the United Kingdom are responsible for reserved and excepted matters. Reserved matters are a list of policy areas (such as civil aviation, units of measurement, and human genetics), which the Westminster Parliament may devolve to the Northern Ireland Assembly at some time in future. Excepted matters (such as international relations, taxation and elections) are never expected to be considered for devolution. On all other matters, the Northern Ireland Executive together with the 90-member Northern Ireland Assembly may legislate and govern for Northern Ireland. Additionally, devolution in Northern Ireland is dependent upon participation by members of the Northern Ireland Executive in the North/South Ministerial Council, which co-ordinates areas of co-operation (such as agriculture, education and health) between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Elections to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Protests
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán Department, Morazán and Chalatenango Department, Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican City, Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is First inauguration of Ronald Reagan, sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DMC DeLorean, DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An 1981 Dawu ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Protests
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I succeeds Olympianus as Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). Births * Lu Kai (or Jingfeng), Chinese official and general (d. 269) * Quan Cong, Chinese general and advisor (d. 24 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 In Northern Ireland
Events during the year 1981 in Northern Ireland. Incumbents * Secretary of State - Humphrey Atkins (until 14 September), Jim Prior (from 14 September) Events *16 January - Northern Ireland civil rights campaigner and former Westminster MP, Bernadette McAliskey is shot and injured by Loyalist paramilitaries at her home in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. *21 January - The first DMC DeLorean sports car is produced in Dunmurry. *6 February - Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981-1982): Liverpool-registered coal ship ''Nellie M'' is bombed and sunk by a Provisional Irish Republican Army unit using a hijacked pilot boat in Lough Foyle. *1 March - Bobby Sands begins the 1981 Irish hunger strike in the Maze Prison (Long Kesh) near Lisburn. *9 April - Bobby Sands is elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Fermanagh and South Tyrone in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. *5 May - Bobby Sands dies on the 66th day of his hunger strike in the Maze Prison. *12 May **Hunger str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 In Northern Ireland
Events during the year 1980 in Northern Ireland. Incumbents * Secretary of State - Humphrey Atkins Events *1 January – First national anti-H-Block march. *27 October – Seven Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) prisoners go on hunger strike in Long Kesh. *8 December – Taoiseach Charles Haughey meets with the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at Dublin Castle, the first visit by a British prime minister since independence. *15 December – Thirty more IRA prisoners join the hunger strike. *18 December – Hunger striker Sean McKenna critically ill. Belief that settlement is imminent brings an end to the hunger strike. *Work begins on the building of the Foyle Bridge in Derry. *W. A. McCutcheon's official survey ''The Industrial Archaeology of Northern Ireland'' is published. Arts and literature *23 September – Field Day Theatre Company presents its first production, the premiere of Brian Friel's ''Translations'' at the Guildhall, Derry. *Crescent Arts Centre is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumann Na MBan
Cumann na mBan (; literally "The Women's Council" but calling themselves The Irishwomen's Council in English), abbreviated C na mB, is an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation formed in Dublin on 2 April 1914, merging with and dissolving Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and in 1916, it became an auxiliary of the Irish Volunteers.Conlon, pp. 20–33 Although it was otherwise an independent organisation, its executive was subordinate to that of the Irish Volunteers, and later, the Irish Republican Army. They were active in the War of Independence and took the anti-Treaty side in the Civil War. Cumann na mBan were declared an illegal organisation by the government of the Irish Free State in 1923. This was reversed when Fianna Fáil came to power in 1932. During the splits in the Republican movement of the later part of the 20th century, Fianna Éireann and Cumann na mBan supported Provisional Sinn Féin in 1969 and Republican Sinn Féin in 1986. Foundation In 1913, a nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Hunger Strike
The 1981 Irish hunger strike was the culmination of a five-year protest during the Troubles by Irish republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. The protest began as the blanket protest in 1976, when the British government withdrew Special Category Status (prisoner of war rather than criminal status) for convicted paramilitary prisoners. In 1978, the dispute escalated into the dirty protest, where prisoners refused to leave their cells to wash and covered the walls of their cells with excrement. In 1980, seven prisoners participated in the first hunger strike, which ended after 53 days. The second hunger strike took place in 1981 and was a showdown between the prisoners and the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. One hunger striker, Bobby Sands, was elected as a member of parliament during the strike, prompting media interest from around the world. The strike was called off after ten prisoners had starved themselves to death, including Sands, whose funeral was at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Faul
Denis O'Beirne Faul (14 August 1932 – 21 June 2006), was an Irish Roman Catholic priest and civil rights campaigner best known for his role in the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. At his death, he held the honorific title of Monsignor within the Catholic Church. Biography Born on 14 August 1932 in the village of Louth, County Louth, in the north of the Province of Leinster, he was the son of Joseph and Anne Frances Faul. He was educated at St Patrick's College, Armagh, and thereafter studied for the priesthood at St Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he was ordained in 1956. After a year studying Theology in Rome, he joined the staff of St Patrick's Boys' Academy in Dungannon, Co Tyrone, to teach Latin and religion. He was appointed principal in 1983. Civil rights movement Faul (known as Father Faul at the time) became actively involved in the Northern Ireland civil rights movement in 1968, participating in marches. He protested vigorously against civil rights abuses by the elemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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