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Aquabirnavirus
''Aquabirnavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Birnaviridae ''Birnaviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently 11 species in this family, divided among seven genera. Diseases associated with this family include infec ...''. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. A disease associated with this genus, Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. Chronic infection in adults, and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish can occur. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus'' * '' Tellina virus'' * '' Yellowtail ascites virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Aquabirnavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, around 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birnaviridae
''Birnaviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently 11 species in this family, divided among seven genera. Diseases associated with this family include infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, which causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry, with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish. Structure Viruses in family ''Birnaviridae'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genome The genome is composed of linear, bi-segmented, double-stranded RNA. It is around 5.9–6.9 kbp in length and codes for five to six proteins. Birnaviruses encode the following proteins: RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a severe viral disease of salmonid fish. It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects young salmonids, such as trout or salmon, of less than six months, although adult fish may carry the virus without showing symptoms. Resistance to infection develops more rapidly in warmer water. It is highly contagious and found worldwide, but some regions have managed to eradicate or greatly reduce the incidence of disease. The disease is normally spread horizontally via infected water, but spread also occurs vertically. It is unable to infect mammals. Clinical signs and diagnosis A sharp rise in mortality is often seen (depending on the virulence of the disease). Other clinical signs include abdominal swelling, anorexia, abnormal swimming, darkening of the skin, and trailing of the feces from the vent. On necropsy, internal damage (viral necrosis) to the pancreas and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious disease. Types Infections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including: * Bacteria (e.g. '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellina Virus
''Tellina'' is a widely distributed genus of marine bivalve molluscs, in the family Tellinidae.Gofas, S. (2011). Tellina Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138533 on 2012-01-08 Species * '' Tellina agilis'' Stimpson, 1857: northern dwarf tellin, northern dwarf-tellin : synonym of '' Ameritella agilis'' (Stimpson, 1857) * ''Tellina alternata'' Say, 1822: alternate tellin * ''Tellina americana'' Dall, 1900: American tellin * ''Tellina amianta'' Dall, 1900 * '' Tellina angulosa'' Gmelin, 1791: angulate tellin * ''Tellina bodegensis'' Hinds, 1845: Bodega tellin * ''Tellina candeana'' D'Orbigny, 1842: cande tellin, wedge tellin * ''Tellina carpenteri'' Dall, 1900: Carpenter tellin * ''Tellina cerrosiana'' Dall, 1900 * ''Tellina coani'' Keen, 1971 * ''Tellina colorata'' Dall, 1900: tinted tellin * ''Tellina consobrina'' D'Orbigny, 1842: consobrine tellin * ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellowtail Ascites Virus (1903–1993), Crow sun dance chief and medicine man
{{Disambiguation, surname ...
Yellowtail, yellow-tail, or Yellow Tail may refer to: * Yellowtail (fish), any of several species of fish * Yellow-tail, a Eurasian moth species * Yellowtail moth, a South American moth species * Yellow Tail (wine), an Australian wine producer * Yellow Tail Records, a record label * Yellowtail cribo, a snake species People with the surname * Robert Yellowtail (1889–1988), Crow Nation leader * Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail (1903–1981), Crow nurse * Thomas Yellowtail Thomas Yellowtail (March 7, 1903 - November 24, 1993) was a Medicine Man and Sun Dance chief of the Crow tribe for over thirty years prior to his death. Thomas Yellowtail's adult life was dedicated to the adherence to, and preservation of, the Sun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefishes, graylings, taimens and lenoks, which are collectively known as the salmonids ("salmon-like fish"). The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar''), whose Latin name became that of its genus ''Salmo'', is also the source of the family and order names. Salmonids have a relatively primitive appearance among the teleost fish, with the pelvic fins being placed far back, and an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They have slender bodies, with rounded scales and forked tails, and their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest species is just long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching . All salmonids spawn in fresh water of upper reaches of rivers and creeks, but in many cases, the fish spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double-stranded RNA Viruses
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used to transcribe a positive-strand RNA by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The positive-strand RNA may be used as messenger RNA (mRNA) which can be translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. The positive-strand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new double-stranded viral genome. Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified in two separate phyla ''Duplornaviricota'' and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically class ''Duplopiviricetes''), which are in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and realm ''Riboviria''. The two groups do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor. Double-stranded RNA viruses evolved two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system, dsRNA viruses belong to Group III. Virus group members vary widely in host range (anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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