Appl. Phys. B.
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Appl. Phys. B.
''Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Jacob Mackenzie (University of Southampton). Topical coverage includes laser physics, optical & laser materials, linear optics, nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and photonic devices. Interest also includes laser spectroscopy pertaining to atoms, molecules, and clusters. The journal publishes original research articles, invited reviews, and rapid communications. History The journal ''Applied Physics'' was originally conceived and founded in 1972 by Helmut K.V. Lotsch at Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.Heinz Götze: der Springer-Verlag: Stationen seiner Geschichte, Teil 2: 1945-1992, Springer, 2008, S.331 Lotsch edited the journal up to volume 25 and split it thereafter into the two part A26(Solids and Surfaces) and B26(Photophysics and Laser Chemistry). He continued his editorship up to the volumes A61 and B61. Starting in 1995 ...
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Physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, with its main goal being to understand how the universe behaves. "Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physic ...
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International Nuclear Information System
The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) hosts one of the world's largest collections of published information on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. History INIS is based in Vienna, Austria and has been operating since 1970. INIS is operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency in collaboration with 127 Member States and 24 co-operating international organizations. All the content it holds is currently available free to "all Internet users around the world". See also *International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)XZ *List of academic databases and search engines This article contains a representative list of notable databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in academic journals, institutional repositories, archives, or other collections of scientific and ... References External links * INIS Repository search International nuclear energy organizations Bibliographic databases and indexes {{Nuc ...
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Publications Established In 1981
To publish is to make content available to the general public.Berne Convention, article 3(3)
URL last accessed 2010-05-10.
Universal Copyright Convention, Geneva text (1952), article VI
. URL last accessed 2010-05-10.
While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other content, including paper (

Hybrid Open Access Journals
A hybrid open-access journal is a subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access. This status typically requires the payment of a publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher in order to publish an article open access, in addition to the continued payment of subscriptions to access all other content. Strictly speaking, the term "hybrid open-access journal" is incorrect, possibly misleading, as using the same logic such journals could also be called "hybrid subscription journals". Simply using the term "hybrid access journal" is accurate. Publishers that offer a hybrid open access option often use different names for it. The SHERPA/RoMEO site provides a list of publishers and the names of their options. The Open Access Directory provides a list of funds that support open access journals, and provides information about which funds will pay fees of hybrid open access journals. Origins The concept was first proposed in 1998 ...
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Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters Corporation ( ) is a Canadian multinational media conglomerate. The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where it is headquartered at the Bay Adelaide Centre. Thomson Reuters was created by the Thomson Corporation's purchase of the British company Reuters Group in April 2008. It is majority-owned by The Woodbridge Company, a holding company for the Thomson family. History Thomson Corporation The forerunner of the Thomson company was founded by Roy Thomson in 1934 in Ontario, as the publisher of ''The Timmins Daily Press''. In 1953, Thomson acquired the ''Scotsman'' newspaper and moved to Scotland the following year. He consolidated his media position in Scotland in 1957, when he won the franchise for Scottish Television. In 1959, he bought the Kemsley Group, a purchase that eventually gave him control of the '' Sunday Times''. He separately acquired the ''Times'' in 1967. He moved into the airline business in 1965, when he acquired Britanni ...
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Impact Factor
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science. As a journal-level metric, it is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field; journals with higher impact factor values are given the status of being more important, or carry more prestige in their respective fields, than those with lower values. While frequently used by universities and funding bodies to decide on promotion and research proposals, it has come under attack for distorting good scientific practices. History The impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia. Impact factors began to be calculated yearly starting from 1975 for journals listed in the ''Journal Citation Rep ...
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Journal Citation Reports
''Journal Citation Reports'' (''JCR'') is an annual publicationby Clarivate Analytics (previously the intellectual property of Thomson Reuters). It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science-Core Collections. It provides information about academic journals in the natural sciences and social sciences, including impact factors. The ''JCR'' was originally published as a part of ''Science Citation Index''. Currently, the ''JCR'', as a distinct service, is based on citations compiled from the '' Science Citation Index Expanded'' and the '' Social Sciences Citation Index''.- - - Basic journal information The information given for each journal includes: * the basic bibliographic information of publisher, title abbreviation, language, ISSN * the subject categories (there are 171 such categories in the sciences and 54 in the social sciences) Citation information * Basic citation data: ** the number of articles published during that year and ** ...
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Scopus
Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences. It covers three types of sources: book series, journals, and trade journals. All journals covered in the Scopus database are reviewed for sufficiently high quality each year according to four types of numerical quality measure for each title; those are ''h''-Index, CiteScore, SJR ( SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP ( Source Normalized Impact per Paper). Searches in Scopus also incorporate searches of patent databases. Overview Comparing ease of use and coverage of Scopus and the Web of Science (WOS), a 2006 study concluded that "Scopus is easy to navigate, even for the novice user. ... The ability to search both forward and backward from a particu ...
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Science Citation Index
The Science Citation Index Expanded – previously entitled Science Citation Index – is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield. It was officially launched in 1964 and is now owned by Clarivate (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters). The indexing database covers more than 9,200 notable and significant journals, across 178 disciplines, from 1900 to the present. These are alternatively described as the world's leading journals of science and technology, because of a rigorous selection process. Accessibility The index is available online within Web of Science, as part of its Core Collection (there are also CD and printed editions, covering a smaller number of journals). The database allows researchers to search through over 53 million records from thousands of academic journals that were published by publishers from around the world. Chemistry Citation Index Cla ...
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PASCAL (database)
PASCAL is a scientific bibliographic database, which is maintained by INIST (CNRS The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 ...). PASCAL covers the core scientific literature in science, technology and medicine with a special emphasis on European literature. , PASCAL maintains a database of more than 17 million records, 90% of which are author abstracts. Its coverage is from 1973 to present. Its source documents are composed of journal articles at 88% (3,085 international titles), proceedings at 9%, and dissertations, books, patents, and reports account combined for 3%. References External links * Bibliographic databases and indexes French National Centre for Scientific Research {{database-stub ...
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Materials Science Citation Index
The Materials Science Citation Index is a citation index, established in 1992, by Thomson ISI (Thomson Reuters). Its overall focus is cited reference searching of the notable and significant journal literature in materials science. The database makes accessible the various properties, behaviors, and materials in the materials science discipline. This then encompasses applied physics, ceramics, composite materials, metals and metallurgy, polymer engineering, semiconductors, thin films, biomaterials, dental technology, as well as optics. The database indexes relevant materials science information from over 6,000 scientific journals that are part of the ISI database which is multidisciplinary. Author abstracts are searchable, which links articles sharing one or more bibliographic references. The database also allows a researcher to use an appropriate (or related to research) article as a base to search forward in time to discover more recently published articles that cite it.Pembert ...
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