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Aphelida
Aphelida is a phylum of Fungus, Fungi that appears to be the sister to true fungi. Taxonomy * Phylum Aphelidiomycota Tedersoo 2018 [Aphelida Karpov, Aleoshin & Mikhailov 2014] ** Class Aphelidiomycetes Tedersoo 2018 [Aphelidea Gromov 2000] *** Order Aphelidiales Tedersoo et al. 2018 [Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012] **** Family Aphelididae Gromov 2000 [Amoeboaphelidiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012] ***** Genus ''Amoeboaphelidium'' Scherffel 1925 emend. Karpov 2014 *****Genus ''Paraphelidium'' Karpov, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia 2017 *****Genus ''Pseudaphelidium'' Schweikert & Schnepf 1996 ***** Genus ''Aphelidium'' Zopf 1885 emend. Gromov 2000 References Aphelida, Opisthokont phyla {{Opisthokont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelidium
''Aphelidium'' species are endoparasites of freshwater green algae. ''Aphelidium'' belongs to the phylum Aphelida, and is part of the Opisthosporidia, a sister clade to Fungi.Karpov, S. A., Mamkaeva, M. A., Aleoshin, V. V., Nassonova, E., Lilje, O., Gleason, F. H.. 2014: Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia. Front. Microbiol.. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112 The cells of ''Aphelidium'' are much smaller than the cells of its green algae host, which is protected by a robust cell wall. ''Aphelidium'' have evolved a remarkable life cycle to defeat host's defenses. The infection process for ''Aphelidium'' is notable for its method of entry. An ''Aphelidium'' cyst attached to a potential host will raise its internal pressure by expanding the posterior vacuole before using the sudden release of this pressure to defeat the host cell wall and jet itself into the host. As parasites of gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelida
Aphelida is a phylum of Fungus, Fungi that appears to be the sister to true fungi. Taxonomy * Phylum Aphelidiomycota Tedersoo 2018 [Aphelida Karpov, Aleoshin & Mikhailov 2014] ** Class Aphelidiomycetes Tedersoo 2018 [Aphelidea Gromov 2000] *** Order Aphelidiales Tedersoo et al. 2018 [Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012] **** Family Aphelididae Gromov 2000 [Amoeboaphelidiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012] ***** Genus ''Amoeboaphelidium'' Scherffel 1925 emend. Karpov 2014 *****Genus ''Paraphelidium'' Karpov, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia 2017 *****Genus ''Pseudaphelidium'' Schweikert & Schnepf 1996 ***** Genus ''Aphelidium'' Zopf 1885 emend. Gromov 2000 References Aphelida, Opisthokont phyla {{Opisthokont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propagate themselves. Diversity Flagella types Zoospores may possess one or more distinct types of flagella - tinsel or "decorated", and whiplash, in various combinations. *Tinsellated (straminipilous) flagella have lateral filaments known as mastigonemes perpendicular to their main axis, which allow for more surface area, and disturbance of the medium, giving them the property of a rudder, that is, used for steering. *Whiplash flagella are straight, to power the zoospore through its medium. Also, the "default" zoospore only has the propelling, whiplash flagella. Both tinsel and whiplash flagella beat in a sinusoidal wave pattern, but when both are present, the tinsel beats in the opposite direction of the whiplash, to give two axes of control of motility. Morphological types In eukaryotes, the four main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudopodium
A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryote, eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of microfilament, actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate filaments. Pseudopods are used for motility and ingestion. They are often found in amoebas. Different types of pseudopodia can be classified by their distinct appearances. Lamellipodia are broad and thin. Filopodia are slender, thread-like, and are supported largely by microfilaments. Lobopodia are bulbous and amoebic. reticulopodium, Reticulopodia are complex structures bearing individual pseudopodia which form irregular nets. axopodium, Axopodia are the phagocytosis type with long, thin pseudopods supported by complex microtubule arrays enveloped with cytoplasm; they respond rapidly to physical contact. Some pseudopodial cells are able to use multiple types o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term ''mitochondrion'' was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A large number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids and diplomonads, have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. One eukaryote, ''Monocercomonoides'', is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Nucleus
The cell nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin or , meaning ''kernel'' or ''seed'') is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm; and the nuclear matrix, a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support. The cell nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's genome. Nuclear DNA is often organized into multiple chromosomes – long stands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within these chromosomes are structured in such a way to promote cell function. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
