|
Anthracosuchus
''Anthracosuchus'' (meaning "coal crocodile" in Greek) is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodyliform from the Paleocene of Colombia. Remains of ''Anthracosuchus balrogus'', the only known species, come from the Cerrejón Formation in the Cerrejón mine,''Anthracosuchus balrogus'' at .org and include four fossil specimens with partial skulls. ''Anthracosuchus'' differs from other dyrosaurids in having an extremely short (brevirostrine) snout, widely spaced eye sockets with bony protuberances around them, and s that are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itaboraian
The Itaboraian ( pt, Itaboraiense) age is a period within the Early Eocene geologic time (53.0–50.0 Mya (unit), Ma) epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Riochican and precedes the Casamayoran age. Etymology This age is named after the Itaboraí Formation in the Itaboraí Basin in Itaboraí, a Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Greater Rio municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro in Brazil not very far away from Niterói. Formations Fossils Correlations References Bibliography ;Itaboraí Formation * * * * * * ;Bogotá Formation * * * ;Cerrejón Formation * * * * * * * * * * * * * ;Chota Formation * * ;Las Flores Formation * * * ;Koluel Kaike Formation * ;Maíz Gordo Formation * ;Mogollón Formation * * ;Muñani Formation * ;Peñas Coloradas Formation * * ;Río Loro Formation * {{SALMA Itaboraian, Paleocene Sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peligran
The Peligran ( es, Peligrense) age is a period of geologic time (62.5–59.0 Ma) within the Paleocene epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Tiupampan and precedes the Riochican age. Etymology The age is named after the paleontological site Punta Peligro Punta is an Afro-indigenous dance and cultural music originating in the Caribbean Island of Saint Vincent And The Grenadines by the Garifuna people before being exiled from the island. Which is also known as Yurumei. It has African and Arawa ... in Argentina. Formations Fossils References Bibliography ;Peñas Coloradas Formation * * ;Bogotá Formation * * * ;Cerrejón Formation * * * * * * * * * * * * * ;Chota Formation * * ;Guaduas Formation * ;Salamanca Formation * * * * * ;Santa Lucía Formation * * * * * * * * * {{SALMA Paleocene South America Paleogene Argentina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balrog
A Balrog () is a powerful demonic monster in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth. One first appeared in print in his high-fantasy novel ''The Lord of the Rings'', where the Fellowship of the Ring (characters), Fellowship of the Ring encounter a Balrog known as Durin's Bane in the Mines of Moria (Middle-earth), Moria. Balrogs appear also in Tolkien's ''The Silmarillion'' and other posthumously published books. Balrogs are tall and menacing beings who can shroud themselves in fire, darkness, and shadow. They are armed with fiery whips "of many thongs", and its early drafts speak frequently of the whips of fire. ''The Lays of Beleriand'' describe Morgoth's prisoners tortured by Balrogs with scourges; and the Balrog in Moria (''The Fellowship of the Ring'', "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm") is armed explicitly with a "whip of many thongs" or strands. and occasionally use long swords. In Tolkien's later conception, they could not be readily vanquished—a certain stature was required by the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyrosaurid
Dyrosauridae is a family of extinct neosuchian crocodyliforms that lived from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the Eocene. Dyrosaurid fossils are globally distributed, having been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Over a dozen species are currently known, varying greatly in overall size and cranial shape. A majority were aquatic, some terrestrial and others fully marine (see locomotion below), with species inhabiting both freshwater and marine environments. Ocean-dwelling dyrosaurids were among the few marine reptiles to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The dyrosaurids were a group of mostly marine, long jawed, crocodile-like quadrupeds up to long. The largest dyrosaurid was probably ''Phosphatosaurus'' estimated at in length. Based on bone tissue evidence, it has been hypothesized that they were slow-growing near-shore marine animals with interlocking closed jaws, able to swim as well as walk on land. External nostrils at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerrejón Formation
The Cerrejón Formation is a geologic formation in Colombia dating back to the Middle-Late Paleocene. It is found in the El Cerrejón sub-basin of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin of La Guajira and Cesar. The formation consists of bituminous coal fields that are an important economic resource. Coal from the Cerrejón Formation is mined extensively from the Cerrejón open-pit coal mine, one of the largest in the world. The formation also bears fossils that are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforests.Wing et al., 2009 Definition The formation was first named Septarias Formation and in 1958 renamed to Cerrejón Formation by Thomas van der Hammen, probably based on an earlier report by Notestein.Rodríguez & Londoño, 2002, p.163 Geology The Cerrejón Formation, with an assigned total thickness of , is subdivided into lower, middle, and upper groups based on the thickness and distribution of coal beds. On average the coal beds are thick, and range from to in thickness. The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arambourgisuchus Khouribgaensis
''Arambourgisuchus'' ("Prof. Camille Arambourg's crocodile") is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph from the late Palaeocene of Morocco, found in the region of Sidi Chenane in 2000, following collaboration by French and Moroccan institutions, and described in 2005 by a team led by palaeontologist Stéphane Jouve. ''Arambourgisuchus'' was a large animal with an elongated skull 1 meter in length. History and naming The fossils of ''Arambourgisuchus'' were unearthed in the Spring of 2000 thanks to the collaboration of French (French National Centre for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, France) and Moroccon (Office Chérifien des Phosphates, Ministére de l’Energie et des Mines, Morocco) researchers in the phosphatic deposits of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. The deposits of the basin range from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the middle Eocene (Lutetian), with the deposits yielding ''Arambourgisuchus'' dating to the Thanetian age of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerrejonisuchus Improcerus
''Cerrejonisuchus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph. It is known from a complete skull and mandible from the Cerrejón Formation in northeastern Colombia, which is Paleocene in age. Specimens belonging to ''Cerrejonisuchus'' and to several other dyrosaurids have been found from the Cerrejón open-pit coal mine in La Guajira. The length of the rostrum is only 54-59% of the total length of the skull, making the snout of ''Cerrejonisuchus'' the shortest of all dyrosaurids. Description At an estimated length of to , ''Cerrejonisuchus'' was small for a dyrosaur. This size estimate is based on the dorsal skull lengths of specimens UF/IGM 29 and UF/IGM 31. ''Cerrejonisuchus'' has the shortest body length of any known dyrosaur, much smaller than that of the longest dyrosaur, '' Phosphatosaurus gavialoides'', which was to in length. Currently the only known specimens of ''Cerrejonisuchus'' are UF/IGM 29 (the type specimen), UF/IGM 30, UF/IGM 31, and UF/IGM 32. Of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyposaurus
''Hyposaurus'' is a genus of extinct marine dyrosaurid crocodyliform. Fossils have been found in Paleocene aged rocks of the Iullemmeden Basin in West Africa, Campanian–Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) Shendi Formation of Sudan and Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) through Danian (Early Paleocene) strata in New Jersey, Alabama and South Carolina. Isolated teeth comparable to ''Hyposaurus'' have also been found in Thanetian (Late Paleocene) strata of Virginia.Denton Jr., R. K., Dobie, J. L. and D. C. Parris, 1997. The Marine Crocodilian ''Hyposaurus'' in North America. from Ancient Marine Reptiles, editors J. M. Callaway and E. L. Nicholls, Academic Press. It was related to ''Dyrosaurus''. The priority of the species ''H. rogersii'' has been debated,Norell, M. A. and G. W. Storrs. 1989. Catalogue and review of the type fossil crocodilians in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 203:1-28 however there is no sound basis for the recognition of more than one species from North America. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term ''taphonomy'' (from Greek , 'burial' and , 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere. The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one. Description Taphonomic phenomena are grouped into two phases: biostratinomy, events that occur between death of the organism and the burial; and diagenesis, events that occur after the burial. Since Efremov's definition, taphonomy has expanded to include the fossilization of organic and inorganic materials through both cultural and environmental influences. This is a multidisciplinary concept and is used in slightly different contexts throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenanisuchus Lateroculi
''Chenanisuchus'' ("Chenane crocodile") is a genus of dyrosaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Mali and the Late Palaeocene of Sidi Chenane in Morocco. It was described in 2005, after expeditions uncovered it in 2000. The type species is ''C. lateroculi'' ("lateralis", lateral; "oculi", eyes), in reference to the laterally facing eyes. Currently, ''Chenanisuchus'' is the most basal known dyrosaurid. Material Two specimens of ''C. lateroculi'' – OCP DEK-GE 262 (holotype, nearly complete skull with mandibular fragments) and OCP DEK-GE 61 (nearly complete skull) – come from the Sidi Chenane area in Morocco, which is Late Palaeocene (Thanetian) in age.Jouve ''et al.'', 2005. Fossils of ''Chenanisuchus'' were also found in Maastrichtian age strata in Mali, showing that ''Chenanisuchus'' survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Systematics ''Chenanisuchus lateroculi'' is referred to Dyrosauridae by Jouve ''et al.'' (2005), based on three morphologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokotosuchus
''Sokotosuchus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodyliform which existed during the Maastrichtian in western Africa. Fossils of the genus were found in the Dukamaje Formation of Nigeria, and some cranial material has possibly been found in Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali .... References Bibliography * Further reading * L. B. Halstead. 1975. ''Sokotosuchus ianwilsoni'' n. g., g. sp., a new teleosaur crocodile from the Upper Cretaceous of Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology 11(1-2):101-103 Dyrosaurids Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera Prehistoric marine crocodylomorphs Maastrichtian genera Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Africa Cretaceous Nigeria Fossils of Nigeria Fossil taxa described in 1975 {{paleo-archosaur-stub Fossils of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphatosaurus Gavialoides
''Phosphatosaurus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph. It existed during the early Eocene, with fossils having been found from North Africa in Tunisia and Mali. Named in 1955, ''Phosphatosaurus'' is a monotypic genus; the type species is ''P. gavialoides''. A specimen has been discovered from Niger, but it cannot be classified at the species level. ''Phosphatosaurus'' is closely related to the Cretaceous genus ''Sokotosuchus'', which is known from Niger and Mali. Because ''Phosphatosaurus'' is only known from Paleogene localities, the close relationship with ''Sokotosuchus'' implies that there is a long ghost lineage extending back into the Maastrichtian that is not known in the fossil record. Description ''Phosphatosaurus'' is a large dyrosaurid estimated at in length, with blunt teeth. The tip of the snout is spoon-shaped from a lateral expansion of the rostral portion of the mandible. The dentition is nonhomodont. Alveolar "couplets" are present in the lower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
