|
Anovlar
Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone acetate (EE/NETA), or ethinylestradiol/norethindrone acetate, is a combination drug, combination of ethinylestradiol (EE) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) which is used as birth control and menopausal hormone therapy. EE is an estrogen (medication), estrogen, while norethisterone acetate (NETA) is a progestin. It is taken oral administration, by mouth. Some preparations of EE/NETA used in birth control additionally contain an iron supplement in the form of ferrous fumarate. In 2020, it was the 45th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 14million prescriptions. Society and culture Brand names Brand names of EE/NETA include Anovlar, Blisovi, Cumorit, Estrostep, FemHRT, Fyavolv, Gildess, Junel, Larin, Leribane, Loestrin, Lo Loestrin (Lo Lo), Mibelas, Microgestin, Minastrin, Norlestrin, Primodos, Taytulla, and Tri-Legest, among others. In addition, the combination is sold in the United States under the brand na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nand Peeters
Ferdinand "Nand" Peeters (Mechelen, October 13, 1918 – Turnhout, December 27, 1998) was a Belgian obstetrician and gynecologist, whose research led directly to the development of Anovlar, the first combined oral contraceptive pill introduced outside the United States, in 1961, the first whose side-effects were acceptable, and the first that was used world-wide (Albach 1997:939). It remained in production, in its original formula, from its introduction until 1986 — although, beginning in 1964, Schering AG (the company that produced it) also marketed variants with lower doses of hormones, some of which continued to be named Anovlar. Nand Peeters's research also contributed substantially to the treatment of Rh-disease. Biography Nand Peeters was a son of Désiré Peeters, a surgeon who founded his own clinic in Mechelen. After attending the local Saint Rumbold's high school, he studied at the Catholic University of Leuven, intending to become a gynecologist. But he finished his tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combined Oral Contraceptives
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women. The pill contains two important hormones: progestin (a synthetic form of the hormone progestogen/progesterone) and estrogen (usually ethinylestradiol and 17β estradiol). When taken correctly, it alters the menstrual cycle to eliminate ovulation and prevent pregnancy. COCPs were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by about 9 million women in the United States. From 2015 to 2017, 12.6% of women aged 15–49 in the US reported using COCPs, making it the second most common method of contraception in this age range (female sterilization is the most common method). Use of COCPs, however, varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. For e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norethisterone Acetate
Norethisterone acetate (NETA), also known as norethindrone acetate and sold under the brand name Primolut-Nor among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medication available in low-dose and high-dose formulations and is used alone or in combination with an estrogen. It is ingested orally. Side effects of NETA include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, acne, increased hair growth, and others.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018405s023lbl.pdf NETA is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body. NETA was patented in 1957 and was introduced for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Administration
Oral administration is a route of administration where a substance is taken through the mouth. Per os abbreviated to P.O. is sometimes used as a direction for medication to be taken orally. Many medications are taken orally because they are intended to have a systemic effect, reaching different parts of the body via the bloodstream, for example. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes, such as injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients willing and able to swallow. Terminology ''Per os'' (; ''P.O.'') is an adverbial phrase meaning literally from Latin "through the mouth" or "by mouth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Combined Sex-hormonal Preparations
This is a list of known combined sex-hormonal formulations. Brand names and developmental code names are in parentheses. Androgens Injection Marketed * Nandrolone decanoate/nandrolone phenylpropionate (Dinandrol) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone caproate (Androteston PP) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone enanthate/testosterone undecylenate (Durasteron) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone enanthate (Testoviron Depot) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone ketolaurate (Testosid Depot) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate (Sustanon 100) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone caproate (Omnadren 250) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone decanoate (Sustanon 250) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone valerate/testosterone undecylenate (Triolandren) * Testosterone propionate/testosterone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Contraceptive Formulations
Birth control pills come in a variety of formulations. The main division is between combined oral contraceptive pills, containing both estrogens and synthetic progestogens (progestins), and progestogen only pills. Combined oral contraceptive pills also come in varying types, including varying doses of estrogen, and whether the dose of estrogen or progestogen changes from week to week. Mechanism of action Combination pills usually work by preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation). They also thicken the cervical mucus, which keeps sperm from penetrating into the uterus and joining with an egg. The hormones in combination and progestogen-only pills also thin the lining of the uterus. This could prevent pregnancy by interfering with implantation of a blastocyst. Main action in typical use is prevention of ovulation. Combined oral contraceptive pills All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estradiol/norethisterone Acetate
Estradiol/norethisterone acetate (E2/NETA), sold under the brand name Activella among others, is a combination of estradiol (E2) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) which is used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms, vulvar and vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis associated with menopause. Activella specifically is marketed by Novo Nordisk and is supplied as film-coated tablets containing 1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate. CombiPatch is a combination of estradiol and NETA provided as a transdermal patch. See also * Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone acetate * Ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin * Estradiol/levonorgestrel * List of combined sex-hormonal preparations This is a list of known combined sex-hormonal formulations. Brand names and developmental code names are in parentheses. Androgens Injection Marketed * Nandrolone decanoate/nandrolone phenylpropionate (Dinandrol) * Testosterone propionate/ ... References Combined estrogen–prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food And Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a List of United States federal agencies, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, caffeine products, dietary supplements, Prescription drug, prescription and Over-the-counter drug, over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, Animal feed, animal foods & feed and Veterinary medicine, veterinary products. The FDA's primary focus is enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C), but the agency also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act, as well as associated regulations. Much of this regulatory-enforcement work is not d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primodos
Primodos was a hormone-based pregnancy test used in the 1960s and 1970s that consisted of two pills that contained norethisterone (as acetate) and ethinylestradiol.Department of Health, ''Hansard'', HL Deb, 26 October 2010, c264/ref> It detected pregnancy by inducing menstruation in women who were not pregnant. The presence or absence of menstrual bleeding was then used to determine whether the user was pregnant. In South Korea it was also used, "perhaps as a double dose" to induce abortions. While first made available for sale in the UK in 1959, it was withdrawn from sale in the UK in 1978. Primodos was produced by Schering AG, a German company taken over by Bayer AG in 2006. Another hormonal pregnancy test called Duogynon was in use in Germany during the same general time period. History In the 1960s, Dr. Isabel Gal conducted research at Queen Mary's Hospital for Children that showed a link between use of the drug and severe birth defects. A review by the Committee on Saf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrous Fumarate
Iron(II) fumarate, also known as ferrous fumarate, is the iron(II) salt of fumaric acid, occurring as a reddish-orange powder, used to supplement iron intake. It has the chemical formula . Pure ferrous fumarate has an iron content of 32.87%, therefore one tablet of 300 mg iron fumarate will contain 98.6 mg of iron (548% Daily Value based on 18 mg RDI). Iron supplement Ferrous fumarate is often taken orally as an iron supplement to treat or prevent iron deficiency anaemia Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, shor .... See also * Iron - Nutrition References Iron(II) compounds Dietary minerals Coordination complexes Fumarates Antianemic preparations {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Supplement
Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia. For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron. Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies. They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. While benefits may be seen in days, up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal. Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea. Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity. Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate. Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose. They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells. Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are used alone or in combination with progestogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration. Examples of estrogens include bioidentical estradiol, natural conjugated estrogens, synthetic steroidal estrogens like ethinylestradiol, and synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Estrogens are one of three types of sex hormone agonists, the others being androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone and progestogens like progesterone. Side effects of estrogens include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, headache, nausea, fluid retention, and edema among other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Food And Drug Administration")
