Anna Mary Winifred Brotherton
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Anna Mary Winifred Brotherton
Anna Mary Winifred Brotherton (1874–1956), better known as Winnie Brotherton, was the founder of the Castlemaine Art Museum, a Red Cross volunteer, Girl Guide leader, and botanical collector who corresponded with Ferdinand Mueller. Life Born in Melbourne, in her youth her family moved to ''Woodlands,'' an estate on Burnett Road near the where she remained until a significant fire. Winnie attended Castlemaine Grammar School, and matriculated at the University of Melbourne in 1891. She organised for academics in Melbourne to travel to Castlemaine and give lectures for the education of the community. She was closely associated with the wider Victorian artistic community of the time. Her sister, the amateur poet and artist Alice Brotherton, married G. Rodney Cherry who exhibited his photography at the Victorian Academy of Arts. Her cousin was the New Zealand painter Frances Mary Hodgkins. In 1913 a committee of women, including Brotherton, established the Castlemaine Art Galler ...
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Melbourne, Victoria
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung–Taungurung language, Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a metropolitan area known as Greater Melbourne, comprising an urban agglomeration of Local Government Areas of Victoria#Municipalities of Greater Melbourne, 31 local municipalities, although the name is also used specifically for the local government area, local municipality of City of Melbourne based around Melbourne City Centre, its central business area. The metropolis occupies much of the northern and eastern coastlines of Port Phillip Bay and spreads into the Mornington Peninsula, part of West Gippsland, as well as the hinterlands towards the Yarra Valley, ...
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Mount Alexander Mail
The ''Castlemaine Mail'' is a weekly newspaper published in Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia. History The ''Castlemaine Mail'' continued the ''Mount Alexander'' ''Mail ''(also the ''Mail''). It was published daily from 1 October 1917 until 14 November 1942, then tri-weekly until 13 July 1979, and later as a weekly, published on Tuesdays. Earlier newspapers in Castlemaine included the ''Castlemaine Yarner'' and ''Digger’s Gazette'' published on the goldfields in December 1853, and the daily ''Leader'' which ceased publication on 12 February 1916. ''Castlemaine Mail'' covered the Mount Alexander Shire including Castlemaine, Maldon, Newstead and Metcalfe. Its office is at 29 Templeton Street, Castlemaine. Circulation in July 2008 was advertised as 3,250. It was merged with ''Guardian express'' to form the '' Midland Express'' (Kyneton, Victoria) but the masthead continues to be published every Friday as the Castlemaine Mail and circulated in Castlemaine and surrounds. Digit ...
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University Of Melbourne Alumni
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ...
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19th-century Australian Botanists
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the la ...
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1956 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, are killed for trespassing by the Huaorani people of Ecuador, shortly after making contact with them. * January 16 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine (region), Palestine. * January 25–January 26, 26 – Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala, after Soviet Union, Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilians can return February 4. * January 26 – The 1956 Winter Olympics open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. February * February 11 – British Espionage, spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean (spy), Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union, after being missing for 5 years. * February 14–February 25, 25 – The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is held in Mosc ...
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Humanitarians
Humanitarianism is an active belief in the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral, altruistic, and emotional reasons. One aspect involves voluntary emergency aid overlapping with human rights advocacy, actions taken by governments, development assistance, and domestic philanthropy. Other critical issues include correlation with religious beliefs, motivation of aid between altruism and social control, market affinity, imperialism and neo-colonialism, gender and class relations, and humanitarian agencies. A practitioner is known as a humanitarian. An informal ideology Humanitarianism is an informal ideology of practice; it is "the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare." Humanitarianism is based on a view that all human beings deserve respect and dignity and should be treated as such. Therefore, humanitarians work towards advanc ...
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