American Indian Opera
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American Indian Opera
American Indian opera is a subgenre of music of the United States. It began with composer Gertrude Bonnin (1876-1938), also known as ''Zitkala-Sa'' ("Red Bird" in Lakota). Bonnin drew from her Yankton Dakota heritage for both the libretto and songs for the opera ''The Sun Dance''. This full-scale opera was composed with William F. Hanson, an American composer and teacher at Brigham Young University in Utah. Significance Unlike the "American Indianist" attempts to create operas with American Indian themes (see selected list below), with librettos written and music composed by non-Indians, ''The Sun Dance'' (1913) was a collaboration in which Zitkala-Sa contributed some of the music and libretto. For years she received no credit. She had studied classical music. After teaching music and studying violin at Boston's New England Conservatory of Music, Bonnin worked with Hanson in Utah to compose an American Indian opera. Bonnin performed and transcribed "Sioux melodies", to which s ...
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Music Of The United States
The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by the music of Europe, Indigenous peoples, West Africa, Latin America, Middle East, North Africa, amongst many other places. The country's most internationally renowned genres are traditional pop, jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rock and roll, R&B, pop, hip hop, soul, funk, gospel, disco, house, techno, ragtime, doo-wop, folk music, americana, boogaloo, tejano, reggaeton, surf, and salsa. American music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music. Beginning in the 17th century, settlers from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Germany, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing wi ...
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Tsianina Redfeather Blackstone
Tsianina Redfeather Blackstone (December 13, 1882 – January 10, 1985) was a Muscogee singer, performer, and Native American activist, born in Eufaula, Oklahoma, then within the Muscogee Nation. She was born to Cherokee and Creek parents and stood out from her 9 siblings musically. From 1908 she toured regularly with Charles Wakefield Cadman, a composer and pianist who gave lectures about Native American music that were accompanied by his compositions and her singing. He composed classically based works associated with the Indianist movement. They toured in the United States and Europe. She collaborated with him and Nelle Richmond Eberhart on the libretto of the opera ''Shanewis'' (or "The Robin Woman," 1918), which was based on her semi-autobiographical stories and contemporary issues for Native Americans. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera. Redfeather sang the title role when the opera was on tour, making her debut when the work was performed in Denver in 1924, and also ...
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Barbara McAlister (opera Singer)
Barbara McAlister (born 1942) is an internationally acclaimed mezzo-soprano Native American opera singer from Muskogee, Oklahoma. Background Barbara McAlister was born Muskogee, Oklahoma, in 1942.Conley, Robert J''A Cherokee encyclopedia''.Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007: 147–148. (retrieved through Google Books, 7 April 2009) . She is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation, a descendant of Old Tassel, and half German/Cherokee through her mother. She aspired to be a country-western singer in her youth, but learned to love opera from her parents. For her dedication to promoting the Cherokee language, she was awarded the Cherokee Medal of Honor from the Cherokee Honor Society.Duvall, Deborah L. ''Tahlequah and the Cherokee Nation''. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2000: 112. . Musical career She won the Loren Zachary Competition in Los Angeles, which launched her career.
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Sweet Land (opera)
''Sweet Land'' is an English-language opera by the Los Angeles based opera company The Industry Opera. Background The music was composed by Raven Chacon and Du Yun. The poet Douglas Kearney was the librettist for Chacon's parts of the music, and the poet Aja Couchois Duncan wrote the libretto for Yun's sections. It was described by the ''Los Angeles Times'' as an 'opera of pairs'. Performance history The opera premiered in February 2020 in Los Angeles State Historic Park Los Angeles State Historic Park (LASHP) is a California State Park within the Chinatown neighborhood of Los Angeles. Also known as the Cornfield, the former brownfield consists of a long open space between Spring Street and the tracks of the Me .... The performances took place in and around purpose built, temporary open-air structures, and occurred both at dusk and in the dark (beginning at 6:30pm or 9:00pm respectively). Audience members walked to the different parts of the set. Parts of the opera were ...
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Raven Chacon
Raven Chacon (born 1977) is a Diné-American composer, musician and artist. Born in Fort Defiance, Arizona within the Navajo Nation, Chacon became the first Native American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Music, for his '' Voiceless Mass'' in 2022. He has also been a solo performer of noise music and worked with groups such as Postcommodity. Life and career Raven Chacon was born in 1977 in Fort Defiance, Arizona, US within the Navajo Nation. He attended the University of New Mexico, where he obtained his BA in Fine Arts in 2001, then received an MFA in music composition from the California Institute of the Arts. He was a student of James Tenney, Morton Subotnick, Michael Pisaro and Wadada Leo Smith. Chacon's visual and sonic artwork has been exhibited widely in the U.S. and abroad. His room-sized sound and text installation, ''Still Life, #3'' (2015), was exhibited in the ''Transformer: Native Art in Light and Sound'' exhibition at the National Museum of the American Indian, ...
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Vernal, Utah
Vernal, the county seat and largest city in Uintah County is in northeastern Utah, approximately east of Salt Lake City and west of the Colorado border. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 9,089. The population has since grown to 10,370 as of the 2018 population estimate. History Vernal, unlike most Utah towns, was not settled by Mormon Settlers. Brigham Young sent a scouting party to the area Uintah Basin in 1861 and received word back the area was good for nothing but nomad purposes, hunting grounds for Indians, and "to hold the world together." That same year, President Abraham Lincoln set the area aside as the Uintah Indian Reservation, with Captain Pardon Dodds appointed Indian agent. Dodds later built the first cabin erected by a white man in the Uintah Basin around 1868. Settlers began to filter in after that, and built cabins in various spots on or near Ashley Creek. In 1879 many came close to perishing during the infamous "Hard Winter" of that same year ...
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Julia Smith (composer)
Julia Frances Smith ( January 25, 1905 – April 18, 1989) was an American composer, pianist, and author on musicology. Life and career She was born in Denton, Texas. She graduated from University of North Texas College of Music (1930) and then continued with graduate studies in piano and composition at the Juilliard School with Reuben Goldmark and Frederick Jacobi from 1932 to 1939, earning a diploma. She simultaneously studied at New York University earning a master's degree in 1933 and a PhD in 1952. From 1932 to 1939, she served as pianist for the Orchestrette Classique of New York, a women's orchestra. During this time, she also gave concerts of mostly American music in Latin America, Europe, and throughout the United States. As a performer, she became particularly associated with the works of Aaron Copland. From 1941 to 1946, she taught at the Hartt School, where she founded the department of music education. She collaborated with composer Cecile Vashaw on ''The Work and ...
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Ernest Trow Carter
Ernest Trow Carter (September 3, 1866 – June 22, 1953) was an organist and composer who won the Bispham Award. Biography He was born on September 3, 1866, in Orange, New Jersey to Aaron Carter and Sarah Swift Trow. At age seven, in 1873 he started what would become eight years of study of piano with Mary Bradshaw as his teacher. At age thirteen, in 1879, he organized an amateur orchestra, studied the cornet, was assistant conductor of the school orchestra; and at sixteen he was playing cornet in a professional orchestra. He graduated from Princeton University, cum laude, in 1888. He composed Princeton's Steps Song and arranged music for the Princeton Glee Club. He studied piano with William Mason and singing with Francis Fisher Powers. He studied the French Horn with Hermann Hand of the New York Symphony Orchestra. He then received a Master's Degree from Columbia University. He went to California in 1892 as musical director for the Thacher School. In 1894, he went t ...
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Eleanor Everest Freer
Eleanor Everest Freer (14 May 1864 – 13 Dec 1942) was an American composer and philanthropist. Life Eleanor Everest was born in Philadelphia, the daughter of Cornelius Everest and Ellen Amelia (Clark) Everest, and studied singing in Paris with Mathilde Marchesi and composition with Benjamin Godard. She taught music in Philadelphia and New York City, and married Chicago doctor Archibald Freer in 1893. The couple had one daughter and moved to Chicago in 1899, where Eleanor Freer studied music theory with Bernard Ziehn. In 1934, she received a D.Mus. from the Boguslawski College of Music. She died in Chicago in 1942. Freer was an active advocate for American opera, and opera sung in English. To this end, she helped to found the Opera in Our Language Foundation (OOLF) in 1921, and the David Bispham Memorial Fund in 1922 to promote concerts of American composers' works and award a Bispham Medal. The two organizations merged in 1924 to become the American Opera Society of Chicago. ...
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Shanewis
''Shanewis'' (or ''The Robin Woman'') (1918) is an opera in one act and two scenes by American composer Charles Wakefield Cadman with an English-language libretto by Nelle Richmond Eberhart. They collaborated with Tsianina Redfeather Blackstone, a Cherokee/ Creek singer, who contributed elements from her life for the contemporary plot related to Native American issues.Pamela Karantonis, Dylan Robinson. ''Opera Indigene: Re/presenting First Nations and Indigenous Cultures''
Rout ...
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Creek People
The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek, and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy ( in the Muscogee language), are a group of related indigenous (Native American) peoples of the Southeastern WoodlandsTranscribed documents
Sequoyah Research Center and the American Native Press Archives
in the . Their original homelands are in what now comprises southern , much of , western

Francis La Flesche
Francis La Flesche (Omaha, 1857–1932) was the first professional Native American ethnologist; he worked with the Smithsonian Institution. He specialized in Omaha and Osage cultures. Working closely as a translator and researcher with the anthropologist Alice C. Fletcher, La Flesche wrote several articles and a book on the Omaha, plus more numerous works on the Osage. He made valuable original recordings of their traditional songs and chants. Beginning in 1908, he collaborated with American composer Charles Wakefield Cadman to develop an opera, ''Da O Ma'' (1912), based on his stories of Omaha life, but it was never produced. A collection of La Flesche's stories was published posthumously in 1998. Of Omaha, Ponca, and French descent, La Flesche was the son of Omaha chief Joseph LaFlesche (also known as Iron Eye) and his second wife ''Ta-in-ne'' (Omaha). He grew up on the Omaha Reservation at a time of major transition for the tribe. Before the establishment of anthropology prog ...
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