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Amazonia Marine Ecoregion
The Amazonia marine ecoregion covers the coastal marine environment off the mouth of the Amazon River on the continental shelf of Brazil. The warm North Brazil Current moves east-to-west across the river's outlet, carrying turbid, fresh water to the northwest towards the Caribbean Sea. The Amazonia is one of two ecoregions (the other being the Guianan marine ecoregion) in the North Brazil Shelf province, a large marine ecosystem (LME). It is thus part of the Tropical Atlantic realm. Physical setting The ecoregion is bounded on the west at the Brazil-French Guiana border, where the North Brazil Current splits splits - part continuing northwest as the Guiana Current, part turning north. 850 miles to the southeast, the ecoregion transitions to the Northeastern Brazil marine ecoregion at the mouth of the Parnaiba River. The Amazonia ecoregion extends 200 miles offshore from the coast, covering the shelf and slope of the continental shelf. The bordering coast is low and flat, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazon Reef
The Amazon Reef, or Amazonian Reef, is an extensive coral and sponge reef system, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of French Guiana and northern Brazil. It is one of the largest known reef systems in the world, with scientists estimating its length at over , and its area as over . Publication of its discovery was released in April 2016, following an oceanographic study of the region in 2012. Evidence of a large structure near the delta of the Amazon River dated from as early as the 1950s. History In the 1970s, the biologist Rodrigo Moura completed a study on fishing on the continental shelf and wanted to expand his research by locating the reefs where he caught the fish. When Moura located the fish he caught around the Amazon Reef and in the mouth of the Amazon River, he saw this as an indication that there must be biodiversity underneath, as the fish was indicated to be a coral reef fish. A few decades later a group of students from the University of Georgia not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marajó Várzea
The Marajó várzea (NT0138) is an ecoregion of seasonally and tidally flooded várzea forest in the Amazon biome. It covers a region of sedimentary islands and floodplains at the mouth of the Amazon that is flooded twice daily as the ocean tides push the river waters onto the land. The flooded forests provide food for a wide variety of fruit-eating fish, aquatic mammals, birds and other fauna. It has no protected areas and is threatened by cattle and water-buffalo ranching, logging and fruit plantations. Location The Marajó várzea is at the mouth of the Amazon River. It covers coastal areas of the states of Pará and Amapá, with an area of . Water levels are affected by freshwater flowing down the river and by tidal flows from the Atlantic Ocean. The várzea forest in the ecoregion starts where the Xingu River joins the Amazon, which begins to broaden out. It covers the west of Marajó Island and many smaller islands in the Amazon channel, as well as parts of the mainland to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabo Orange National Park
The Cabo Orange National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange) is a National park located in Amapá state in the north of Brazil, near the border between Brazil and French Guiana. Location The Cabo Orange National Park has an area of . It covers parts of the municipalities of Calçoene and Oiapoque. To the southwest the park adjoins the Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006. The Park is significant because it is situated on the coastline of Brazil; the only one in the rainforest that enjoys such a location. This means that the faunal and floral species found here are quite different from those of the areas situated further inland. The park is accessible by boat and provides a fascinating look at the very different ecosystems of the coast and the jungle, juxtaposed with one another. The Cabo Orange National Park covers varied ecosystems, examples of which are mangroves, natural fields, fluvial marine forests, floodable areas, and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farfantepenaeus Brasiliensis
''Farfantepenaeus'' is a genus of prawns in the family Penaeidae. Its eight species were formerly included in the genus ''Penaeus''. It was first published as a genus name in 1972 by Rudolf N. Burukovsky, but without the necessary designation of a type species. That situation was corrected by the same author in 1997. The name ''Farfantepenaeus'' commemorates the Cuban carcinologist Isabel Pérez Farfante. Species *''Farfantepenaeus aztecus'' – northern brown shrimp *'' Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis'' – red-spotted shrimp, spotted pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus brevirostris'' – crystal shrimp, pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus californiensis'' – yellowleg shrimp, brown shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus duorarum'' – northern pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus notialis ''Farfantepenaeus notialis'' is a species of marine crustacean in the family Penaeidae. Distribution It is found off the east coast of South America from Yucatan,Roberto Pérez-Castañeda and Omar Defeo 2000. Populatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farfantepenaeus Subtilis
''Farfantepenaeus'' is a genus of prawns in the family Penaeidae. Its eight species were formerly included in the genus ''Penaeus''. It was first published as a genus name in 1972 by Rudolf N. Burukovsky, but without the necessary designation of a type species. That situation was corrected by the same author in 1997. The name ''Farfantepenaeus'' commemorates the Cuban carcinologist Isabel Pérez Farfante. Species *''Farfantepenaeus aztecus'' – northern brown shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis'' – red-spotted shrimp, spotted pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus brevirostris'' – crystal shrimp, pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus californiensis'' – yellowleg shrimp, brown shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus duorarum'' – northern pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus notialis'' – southern pink shrimp *''Farfantepenaeus paulensis ''Farfantepenaeus'' is a genus of prawns in the family Penaeidae. Its eight species were formerly included in the genus ''Penaeus''. It was first published as a gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Plume
A river plume is a freshened water mass that is formed in the sea as a result of mixing of river discharge and saline seawater. River plumes are formed in coastal sea areas at many regions in the World. River plumes generally occupy wide, but shallow sea surface layer bounded by sharp density gradient. The area of a river plume is 3-5 orders of magnitude greater than its depth, therefore, even small rivers with discharge rates ~1–10 m/s form river plumes with horizontal spatial extents ~10–100 m. Areas of river plumes formed by the largest World rivers are ~100–1000 km2. Despite relatively small volume of total freshwater runoff to the World Ocean, river plumes occupy up to 21% of shelf areas of the World Ocean, i.e., several million square kilometers. In some occasions river plumes are spoken of as regions of fresh water influence (ROFI's), although it is preferred to use this term for regions in which multiple sources add to the fresh water input of the zone or for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the thermal equator though its specific position varies seasonally. When it lies near the geographic Equator, it is called the near-equatorial trough. Where the ITCZ is drawn into and merges with a monsoonal circulation, it is sometimes referred to as a monsoon trough, a usage that is more common in Australia and parts of Asia. Meteorology The ITCZ was originally identified from the 1920s to the 1940s as the ''Intertropical Front'' (''ITF''), but after the recognition in the 1940s and the 1950s of the significance of wind field convergence in tropical weather production, the term ''Intertropical Convergence Zone'' (''ITCZ'') was then applied. The ITCZ appears as a band of clouds, usually thunderstorms, that encircle the globe near the Equator. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sverdrup
In oceanography, the sverdrup (symbol: Sv) is a non- SI metric unit of volumetric flow rate, with equal to . It is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic hectometer per second (symbol: hm3/s or hm3⋅s−1): 1 Sv is equal to 1 hm3/s. It is used almost exclusively in oceanography to measure the volumetric rate of transport of ocean currents. It is named after Harald Sverdrup. One sverdrup is about five times what is carried by the world’s largest river, the Amazon. In the context of ocean currents, a volume of one million cubic meters may be imagined as a "slice" of ocean with dimensions × × (width × length × thickness). At this scale, these units can be more easily compared in terms of width of the current (several km), depth (hundreds of meters), and current speed (as meters per second). Thus, a hypothetical current wide, 500 m (0.5 km) deep, and moving at 2 m/s would be transporting of water. The sverdrup is distinct from the SI sievert unit or th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equatorial Counter Current
The Equatorial Counter Current is an eastward flowing, wind-driven current which extends to depths of in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. More often called the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), this current flows west-to-east at about 3-10°N in the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Pacific basins, between the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The NECC is not to be confused with the Cromwell Current, Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) that flows eastward along the equator at depths around in the western Pacific rising to in the eastern Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, circulation is dominated by the impact of the reversing Asian monsoon winds. As such, the current tends to reverse hemispheres seasonally in that basin. The NECC has a pronounced seasonal cycle in the Atlantic and Pacific, reaching maximum strength in late boreal summer and fall and minimum strength in late boreal winter and spring. Furthermore, the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the World. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and North and South America to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Atlantic Ocean is divided in two parts, by the Equatorial Counter Current, with the North(ern) Atlantic Ocean and the South(ern) Atlantic Ocean split at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the Atlantic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Equatorial Current
The South Equatorial Current are ocean currents in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean that flow east-to-west between the equator and about 20 degrees south. In the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it extends across the equator to about 5 degrees north. Within the southern hemisphere, the South Equatorial Current is the westward limb of the very large-scale subtropical gyres. These gyres are driven by the combination of trade winds in the tropics and westerly winds that are found south of about 30 degrees south, through a rather complicated process that includes western boundary current intensification. On the equator, the South Equatorial Current is driven directly by the trade winds which blow from east to west. In the Indian Ocean, the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current is well-developed only south of the equator. Directly on the equator, the winds reverse twice a year due to the monsoons, and so the surface current can be either eastward or westward. See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
