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Amazilia Viridifons
''Amazilia'' is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical Central and South America. Taxonomy The genus ''Amazilia'' was introduced in 1843 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Lesson had used ''amazilia'' in 1827 as the specific epithet of the amazilia hummingbird which is now the only species placed in the genus ''Amazilis''. The name comes from the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. The type species was subsequently designated as the cinnamon hummingbird. The genus contains five species: * Rufous-tailed hummingbird, ''Amazilia tzacatl * Buff-bellied hummingbird, ''Amazilia yucatanensis'' * Cinnamon hummingbird, ''Amazilia rutila'' * Mangrove hummingbird, ''Amazilia boucardi'' * Honduran emerald, ''Amazilia luciae'' An additional species is sometimes included: * Guanacaste hummingbird, ''Amazilia alfaroana'' (disputed) This genus formerly included many more spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird
The rufous-tailed hummingbird (''Amazilia tzacatl'') is a medium-sized hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from east-central Mexico through Central America and Colombia into Ecuador and Venezuela. Taxonomy The rufous-tailed hummingbird was formally described in 1833 by the Mexican naturalist Pablo de La Llave. He placed it in the genus '' Trochlilus'' and coined the binomial name ''Trochilus tzacatl''. The rufous-tailed hummingbird is now placed in the genus ''Amazilia'' that was introduced in 1843 by the French naturalist René Lesson. The genus name comes from the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. The specific epithet is from Aztec mythology: Tzacatl was a warrior chief. The rufous-tailed hummingbird has these five recognized subspecies: *''A. t. tzacatl'' (La Llave, 1833) *''A. t. handleyi'' Wetmore, 1963 *''A. t. fuscicaudata'' (Fraser, 1840) *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinnamon Hummingbird
The cinnamon hummingbird (''Amazilia rutila'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from northwestern Mexico to Costa Rica. Taxonomy The cinnamon hummingbird was formally described in 1842 by the French naturalist René Lesson from a specimen he had collected near Acapulco in southwest Mexico. Lesson placed the new species in the genus ''Ornismya'' and coined the binomial name ''Ornismya cinnamomea''. Unfortunate the epithet was preoccupied as Paul Gervais had in 1835 used ''Ornismya cinnamomeus'' for a different species of hummingbird. A year later, in 1843, the French ornithologist Adolphe Delattre introduced ''Ornismya rutila'' as a replacement name for Lesson's hummingbird. The cinnamon hummingbird is now placed in the genus ''Amazilia'' that was introduced by Lesson in 1843. The genus name comes from the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionomesa
''Chionomesa'' is a genus of South American hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae. Species The genus contains two species: *Glittering-throated emerald, ''Chionomesa fimbriata'' *Sapphire-spangled emerald, ''Chionomesa lactea'' These two species were formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Chionomesa'' that had been introduced in 1921 by the French naturalist Eugène Simon. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''khiōn'' meaning "snow" with ''mesos'' meaning "middle". The type species was designated as the sapphire-spangled emerald by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond Charles Wallace Richmond (December 31, 1868 – May 19, 1932) was an American ornithologist. He is best remembered for a compilation of the Latin names of birds that is called the Richmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyerata
''Polyerata'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains three species: *Blue-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' * Purple-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata rosenbergi'' These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these three species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Polyerata'' that had been introduced in 1863 by the German ornithologist Ferdinand Heine to accommodate the blue-chested hummingbird which therefore becomes the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ... ''poluēratos'' meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysuronia
''Chrysuronia'' is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae. Taxonomy The genus ''Chrysuronia'' was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Bonaparte did not specify a type species but this was designated as the golden-tailed sapphire in 1855 by George Robert Gray. The genus name is a portmanteau of the specific names of two synonyms of the golden-tailed sapphire: ''Ornismya chrysura'' Lesson, R, 1832 and ''Ornismia oenone'' Lesson, 1832. This genus formerly included only a single species, the golden-tailed sapphire. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genera ''Amazilia'' and ''Lepidopyga'' were polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, ''Chrysuronia'' was broadened to include species that had previous been placed in ''Amazilia'', ''Hylocharis'' and ''Lepidopyga''. The genus now contains nine species: * Shining-green hummingbird (''Chrysuronia goudoti'') – formerly in ''Lepidop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazilis
The amazilia hummingbird (''Amazilis amazilia'') is a hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Amazilis''. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its six subspecies differ primarily in their throat and belly colors. Taxonomy An illustration of the amazilia hummingbird together with the binomial name ''Orthorynchus amazilia'' was published in 1827 by the French naturalist René Lesson. In the following year he published a description. The specific epithet is from the name of the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. The amazilia hummingbird was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the amazilia hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic authorities to the resurrected genus ''Amazilis'' that h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saucerottia
''Saucerottia'' is a genus of birds in the family Trochilidae, or hummingbirds. Species The species now placed in this genus were formerly placed in ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these species were placed in the resurrected genus ''Saucerottia''. The genus had been introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with the steely-vented hummingbird as the type species. The genus name is from the specific epithet ''saucerrottei'' for the steely-vented hummingbird. The epithet was coined in 1846 by Adolphe Delattre and Jules Bourcier to honour the French physician and ornithologist Antoine Constant Saucerotte. The genus contains eleven species: *Azure-crowned hummingbird, ''Saucerottia cyanocephala'' *Blue-vented hummingbird, ''Saucerottia hoffmanni'' *Berylline hummingbird, ''Saucerottia beryllina'' *Blue-tailed humm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucolia
''Ramosomyia'' is a genus in family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds, that was created in 2021 to replace ''Leucolia''. Taxonomy and species list The genus contains three species: *Violet-crowned hummingbird, ''Ramosomyia violiceps'' * Green-fronted hummingbird, ''Ramosomyia viridifrons'' * Cinnamon-sided hummingbird, ''Ramosomyia wagneri'' These species were early placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these Mexican species were placed in the resurrected genus ''Leucolia'' by some taxonomic systems. However, a study published in 2021 showed that ''Leucolia'' was not available because of the principle of priority. The authors proposed the new genus ''Ramosomyia'' and in mid-2022 it was adopted by the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the International Ornithological Committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
