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Alusuisse
Alusuisse was a Swiss industrial group founded as ''Aluminium Industrie Aktien'' in 1898 in Zurich, Switzerland. The organisation was named ''Schweizerische Aluminium AG'' from 1963, ''Alusuisse-Lonza Holding AG'' from 1990, and ''Algroup'' from 1998. From the 1900s became a significant employer in the Valais canton through its aluminum production activities; a byproduct of the aluminium production process: fluorine became the subject of a pollution scandal ('' guerre du fluor'') after its public reporting in the 1970s. In the late 1960s the company also became involved in another contentious public issue through its joint venture Nabalco which was developing a bauxite deposit in northern Australia on land claimed by the indigenous people of that area; leading to the Gove land rights case. By the end of the twentieth century the company had become an international firm with interests in aluminium production, packaging, and chemicals (through the firm Lonza acquired 1974, divested ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierre
Sierre (; german: Siders, ; frp, Siérro, ) is the capital municipality of the district of Sierre, located in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It has a population of 16,332. Sierre is nicknamed City of the Sun (french: Cité du Soleil) for its average of 300 days of sunshine a year. It is the last official French-speaking city in Valais before the French–German language border of the canton located at the forêt de Finges, a few kilometres after the town. A German-speaking minority lives in Sierre, counting for around 8% of the population. History Sierre was first mentioned around 800 as ''Sidrium'', though a 12th-century document refers to the village being founded in 515. In 1179 it was mentioned as ''Sirro'' and in 1393 as ''Syder''. Prehistory The area around the modern town, especially Gerunden hill, was settled very early. Archeological sites on the Gerunden hill have produced neolithic objects and grave goods (including a polished stone ax), Bronze Age weapons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonza Group
Lonza Group is a Swiss multinational manufacturing company for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nutrition sectors, headquartered in Basel, with major facilities in Europe, North America and South Asia. Lonza was established under that name in the late 19th-century in Switzerland. The company provides product development services to the pharmaceutical and biologic industries, including custom manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals and detection systems and services for the bioscience sector. History Lonza was founded in 1897 in the small Swiss town of Gampel, situated in the canton of Valais, taking its name from the nearby river. In the course of the 20th century Lonza evolved from hydroelectricity and C2 chemistry, through nitrogen chemistry to petrochemistry before moving into fine chemistry and biochemistry. Initially the company produced electricity. The following year, calcium carbide manufacture began using the electricity to heat a furnace to the 2000 °C required f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcan
Alcan was a Canadian mining company and aluminum manufacturer. It was founded in 1902 as the Northern Aluminum Company, renamed Aluminum Company of Canada in 1925, and Alcan Aluminum in 1966. It took the name Alcan Incorporated in 2001. During that time, it grew to become one of the world's largest aluminum manufacturers. Alcan was purchased by Australian-British multinational Rio Tinto for $38 billion in 2007, becoming Rio Tinto Alcan Inc. in 2008. It was headquartered in Montreal, in its Maison Alcan complex. History The Northern Aluminum Company Limited was founded in 1902, in Shawinigan, Quebec, as part of the Pittsburgh Reduction Company. In 1913, the company opened a kitchen utensil production plant and foundry in Toronto. It opened a rolling mill in the plant a few years later. During World War I (1914–18), aluminum production increased to 131,000 tonnes from 69,000. In 1925, the company was renamed the Aluminum Company of Canada. The Aluminum Company of Canada was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chippis
Chippis is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. History Chippis is first mentioned in the 11th century as ''Sepils''. Geography Chippis has an area, , of . Of this area, or 5.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 59.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 24.2% is settled (buildings or roads), or 3.5% is either rivers or lakes and or 8.6% is unproductive land.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 6.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 10.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.5%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.5% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuhausen Am Rheinfall
Neuhausen am Rheinfall (sometimes abbrv. as Neuhausen a. Rhf., called Neuhausen until 1938) is a town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. The town is close to the Rhine Falls, a tourist attraction and mainland Europe's largest waterfall. History Neuhausen am Rheinfall is first mentioned in 900/910 as ''Niuhusen''. In 1253 it was mentioned as ''Niuwenhusin''. Coat of arms The German blazon reads: ''In gelb über grünem Kleeblatt weisses nach rechts gekehrtes Rebmesser mit braunem Griff.'' The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Or in base a cloverleaf couped proper above which a billhook argent hafted proper. In 1569, Neuhausen bore arms with a gold field and a leaping silver salmon. This symbolized the importance of fishing to the municipality. Shortly thereafter, the arms appeared with different tinctures; the field was now red. With the lessening importance of fishing, the arms, too, presumably ended up bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koninklijke Hoogovens
Koninklijke Hoogovens known as Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (KNHS) until 1996 or informally Hoogovens. was a Dutch steel producer founded in 1918. Since 2010, the plant is named Tata Steel IJmuiden. The IJmuiden steelworks based in IJmuiden, the Netherlands was built between 1920 and 1940, first producing iron, later steel, with hot and cold rolling producing flat products. In the 1960s the company diversified into aluminium production. The company briefly merged its IJmuiden steel plant with German steel company Hoesch from 1972 forming the joint venture Estel but separated in 1982. In 1999, the company merged with the larger British Steel plc to create the Corus Group steel company. The aluminium production assets were sold off during the Corus period. In 2007, Corus Group was purchased by India-based Tata Steel and was renamed Tata Steel Europe in 2010. In 2021, the company was split into a British and a Dutch branch, these fall directly under the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabalco
Nabalco, (North Australian Bauxite and Alumina Company) was a mining and extraction company set up in 1964 to exploit bauxite reserves on the Gove Peninsula, Australia. Nabalco was renamed ''Alcan Gove Pty Ltd'' in 2002. Nabalco was formed from a consortium including the Swiss-based Alusuisse (70%) and the Australian company CSR Limited. The development was opposed by the indigenous inhabitants, which gave rise to the legal action Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (Gove land rights case). That resulted in a ruling against intrinsic native land rights in 1971. See also * ''Where the Green Ants Dream ''Where the Green Ants Dream'' (german: Wo die grünen Ameisen träumen, links=no) is a 1984 German film directed by Werner Herzog, made in Australia. Based on a true story about Indigenous land rights in Australia but slated as a mixture of fac ...'' References External links *, archive of Alcan Gove company webpage Mining companies of Australia Bauxite mining {{Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Packaging
Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use. Package labeling (American English) or labelling (British English) is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the package or on a separate but associated label. History of packaging Ancient era The first packages used the natural materials available at the time: baskets of reeds, wineskins (bota bags), wooden boxes, pottery vases, ceramic amphorae, wooden barrels, woven bags, etc. Processed materials were used to form packages as they were develope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland–Eyde Process
The Birkeland–Eyde process was one of the competing industrial processes in the beginning of nitrogen-based fertilizer production. It is a multi-step nitrogen fixation reaction that uses electrical arcs to react atmospheric nitrogen (N2) with oxygen (O2), ultimately producing nitric acid (HNO3) with water. The resultant nitric acid was then used as a source of nitrate (NO3−) in the reaction HNO3 + H2O -> H3O+ + NO3- which may take place in the presence of water or another proton acceptor. It was developed by Norwegian industrialist and scientist Kristian Birkeland along with his business partner Sam Eyde in 1903, based on a method used by Henry Cavendish in 1784. A factory based on the process was built in Rjukan and Notodden in Norway, combined with the building of large hydroelectric power facilities. The Birkeland–Eyde process is relatively inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Therefore, in the 1910s and 1920s, it was gradually replaced in Norway by a combination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milirrpum V Nabalco Pty Ltd
''Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd'', also known as the Gove land rights case because its subject was land known as the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory, was the first litigation on native title in Australia, and the first significant legal case for Aboriginal land rights in Australia, decided on 27 April 1971. The decision of Justice Richard Blackburn ruled against the Yolngu claimants on a number of issues of law and fact, rejecting the doctrine of Aboriginal title. Instead his ruling recognised that in the law of the time of British colonisation of Australia there was a distinction between settled colonies, where the land, being "desert and uncultivated", was claimed by right of occupancy, and conquered or ceded colonies. The decision also noted that the Crown had the power to extinguish native title, if it existed. The issue of ''terra nullius'' was not contemplated in the case. Although ''Milirrpum'' was not appealed beyond the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WOZ Die Wochenzeitung
''WOZ Die Wochenzeitung'', (commonly abbreviated as ''WOZ'' or ''Wochenzeitung''), is a Swiss, German-language weekly newspaper, published in Zürich (Switzerland). History ''Die WochenZeitung'' (WoZ) first appeared on 1 October 1981. It was based on the experiences of the German '' Die Tageszeitung'' (Taz) and the Zürich-based monthly student magazine ''Das Konzept''. Its creation was influenced by events of the Swiss alternative political movement in the first phase of the youth movement of the 1980s. Well-known journalists like Niklaus Meienberg or Laure Wyss but also novelists such as Max Frisch and Otto F. Walter regularly wrote for the paper. In 1987 ''WOZ'' started using Gender-neutral language. Since 1995, the ''WOZ'' as well as the ''TAZ'' add a German-language edition of the ''Le Monde diplomatique'' as a supplement to the newspaper. Most of the articles of the monthly German ''Le Monde diplomatique'' are translations from articles originally written for the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Franc
The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins. In its polyglot environment, it is often simply referred as german: Franken, french: franc, it, franco and rm, franc. It is also designated through signes: ''Fr'' Some fonts render the currency sign character "₣" (unicodebr>U+20A3 as ligatured Fr, following the German language convention for the Swiss Franc. However, most fonts render the character as F with a strikethrough on the lower left, which is the unofficial sign of French Franc. (in German language), ''fr.'' (in French, Italian, Romansh languages), as well as in any other language, or internationally as ''CHF'' which stands for ''.'' This acronym also serves as eponymous ISO 4217 code of the currency, CHF being used by banks and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
