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Alter (name)
Alter is both a surname and a given name. German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): distinguishing epithet for the older of two bearers of the same personal name. For the Ashkenazim: from the Yiddish personal name Alter, an inflected form of (‘old’). This was in part an omen name, expressing the parents’ hope that the child would live a long life; in part an apotropaic name, given to a child born after the death of a sibling, but also said to have sometimes been assumed by someone who was seriously ill. The purpose is supposed to have been to confuse the Angel of Death into thinking that the person was old and thus not worth claiming as a victim. Notable people with the name include: Surname *Avraham Mordechai Alter (1866–1948), Hasidic rabbi *David Alter (1807–1881), American inventor *Dinsmore Alter (1888–1968), American astronomer and meteorologist *Gary Alter, American plastic surgeon *Harvey Alter, American virologist *Hobart Alter (1933–2014), American businessman *Isra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashkenazic
Ashkenazi Jews ( ; he, יְהוּדֵי אַשְׁכְּנַז, translit=Yehudei Ashkenaz, ; yi, אַשכּנזישע ייִדן, Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or ''Ashkenazim'',, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: , singular: , Modern Hebrew: are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. Their traditional diaspora language is Yiddish (a West Germanic language with Jewish linguistic elements, including the Hebrew alphabet), which developed during the Middle Ages after they had moved from Germany and France into Northern Europe and Eastern Europe. For centuries, Ashkenazim in Europe used Hebrew only as a sacred language until the revival of Hebrew as a common language in 20th-century Israel. Throughout their numerous centuries living in Europe, Ashkenazim have made many important contributions to its philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music, and science. The rabbinical term ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Alter
Robert Bernard Alter (born 1935) is an American professor of Hebrew and comparative literature at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He published his translation of the Hebrew Bible in 2018. Biography Robert Alter earned his bachelor's degree in English (Columbia University, 1957), and his master's degree (1958) and doctorate (1962) from Harvard University in comparative literature. He started his career as a writer at ''Commentary'', where he was for many years a contributing editor. He has written twenty-three books, and is noted most recently for his translation of the entire Hebrew Bible. He lectures on topics varying from Biblical episodes to Kafka's modernism and Hebrew literature. Biblical studies One of Alter's important contributions is the introduction of the type scene into contemporary scholarly Hebrew Bible studies. An example of a type scene is that of a man meeting a young woman at a well, whom he goes on to marry; this scene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Alter Of Slabodka (Nosson Tzvi Finkel)
Nosson Tzvi Finkel ( he, נתן צבי פינקל, Sephardic/Israeli: ''Natan Tzvi''; yi, נָטע הערש, Nota Hirsch; 1849–1927) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish leader of Orthodox Judaism in Eastern Europe and founder of the Slabodka yeshiva, in the town of Sloboda Vilyampolskaya (now Vilijampolė, a suburb of Kaunas). He is also known by the Yiddish appellation ''der Alter'' ("the Elder") and as the Alter of Slabodka. Many of his pupils were to become major leaders of Orthodox Judaism in the USA and Israel. Early years Rabbi Finkel was born in 1849 to Reb Moshe Finkel and was orphaned at an early age, not much is known about his formative years. At a young age, he went to study at the Kelm Talmud Torah under Rabbi Simcha Zissel Ziv, "the Alter of Kelm." Philosophical approach Despite his influence, he was an intensely private person. Yet, he personally oversaw the complete student body of the yeshiva. His motto was summed up in the words ''Gadlus HaAdam'' ("Greatn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shneur Zalman Of Liadi
Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( he, שניאור זלמן מליאדי, September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573) was an influential Lithuanian Jews, Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism, then based in Lyady, Vitebsk Region, Liadi in Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the Lithuania Governorate, Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire. He was the author of many works, and is best known for ''Shulchan Aruch HaRav'', ''Tanya (Judaism), Tanya'', and his ''Siddur Torah Or'' compiled according to the ''Nusach Ari''. Zalman (name), Zalman is a Yiddish variant of Solomon and Shneur (or Shne'or) is a Yiddish composite of the two Hebrew words "shnei ohr" (שני אור "two lights"). Zalman of Liady is also known as "Shneur Zalman Baruchovitch," Baruchovitch being the Russian patronymic from his father Baruch, and by a variety of other t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alter Tsypkin
Alter Lvovich Tsypkin (; 16 February 1891 – 5 March 1985) was a Soviet legal scholar, lawyer, Doctor of Law, professor and founder of the Department of Criminal Procedure Law of Saratov State Academy of Law. In 1947 during the anti-cosmopolitan campaign he was accused by the leadership of the academy of admiration for the "bourgeois West" for publishing his fundamental research (). The work itself was banned in the Soviet Union. Biography Alter Tsypkin was born on 16 February 1891 in Poltava, Russian Empire, into a Jewish family. In 1922 he graduated from the law faculty of the . From 1922 to 1948 he worked as a lawyer at the Saratov Bar Association. In 1931 he was accepted as a lecturer at Saratov State Academy of Law. From 1931 to 1980 he held the positions of professor, head of the department of criminal procedure, professor-consultant. In 1938 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: "Judicial interrogation in the Soviet criminal process." In 1939 he received the acad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alter Tepliker
Alter Tepliker was the sobriquet of Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Bezhilianski ( 1919), a learned scholar and leading Breslover Hasid in Uman, Ukraine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Biography Born in Teplik, Ukraine, he became active in the Breslover community in nearby Uman, where he married the sister of Abraham Chazan. Chazan's father, Nachman Chazan, was the closest disciple of Reb Noson, who was in turn the closest disciple of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. Breslover leaders of the following generation, such as Rabbis Shmuel Horowitz and Yitzchok Gelbach, attributed their initial interest in Breslov teachings to their first exposure to Alter Tepliker's ''Hishtafchut HaNefesh''. He fell victim to a Cossack pogrom during the Ukrainian struggle for independence in 1919. He was murdered in a synagogue while holding a sefer Torah. Publications Tepliker pioneered the publication of Breslover teachings on specific topics. His ten books include: * ''Hishtafchut HaNefesh'' (''Outpour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alter Levin
Alter Isaac Levin (; 4 January 1883 – 4 October 1933), also known by the pen name Asaph ha-Levi (), was a Hebrew-language writer and poet. Born in Minsk, he immigrated to Ottoman Jerusalem (later Mandatory Palestine) in 1891, studying there at the Etz Chaim Yeshiva. During World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ... he conducted espionage for the British. He committed suicide in 1933. Publications * * References 1883 births 1933 deaths 19th-century Jews from the Russian Empire Ashkenazi Jews in Ottoman Palestine Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire Hebrew-language poets Jewish poets Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine Suicides by hanging in Mandatory Palestine {{Poet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alter Kacyzne
Alter Kacyzne ( yi, אַלטער קאַציזנע, ''Alter Kacizne''; 31 May 1885 in Vilnius, Russian Empire – 7 July 1941 in Ternopil, General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories) was a Jewish (Yiddish) writer, poet and photographer, known as one of the most significant contributors to Jewish-Polish cultural life in the first half of the 20th century. Among other things, he is particularly known as a photographer whose work immortalised Jewish life in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s. Biography Early life and education Alter-Sholem Kacyzne was born on 31 May 1885 to a poor working-class family in Vilna in Imperial Russia (now Vilnius in Lithuania), within the Pale of Settlement (the mandatory territory allowed as residence for Jews).Niborski, Yitskhok (17 August 2010).Kacyzne, Alter-Sholem" ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe''. yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 20 June 2018. His father worked as a bricklayer and his mother worked as a seamstress. Kacyzne spok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yitzchak Meir Alter
Yitzchak Meir Rotenberg-Alter ( yi, יצחק מאיר אלטער, pl, Icchak Meir Rothenberg Alter, he, יצחק מאיר אלתר) (1799 – 10 March 1866), was the first Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty, which he founded in the town of Góra Kalwaria (known as "Ger" in Yiddish), Poland. He headed the Kupath Rabbi Meir Baal Haness Kollel Polen (Poland) Varsha (Warsaw) (Hebrew ). He was also known as ''The Chiddushei HaRim'' () for his Torah writings, and was sometimes fondly called ''Reb Itche Meir'' (Yiddish) by his followers. Early life Alter was born in Magnuszew, Prussian Poland, in late 1799. He came from a very distinguished family of rabbis, among the most prominent in Germany and Poland. He was a descendant of Rashi and of the Tosafist, Rabbi Meir ben Baruch of Rothenburg. He married Feigele Lipszyc, daughter of Moshe 'Halfon' Lipszyc, in 1811, and settled in Warsaw. They had fourteen children, according to most published sources, most of whom died in infancy. Alt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yisrael Alter
Yisrael Alter ( pl, Izrael Alter, Hebrew: ; October 1895 – 20 February 1977), also known as the ''Beit Yisrael'', after the works he authored, was the fifth Rebbe of the Hasidic Judaism, Hasidic dynasty of Ger (Hasidic dynasty), Ger, a position he held from 1948 until 1977. Life He escaped from Poland during the Holocaust, and settled in Mandatory Palestine, Palestine during 1940. In 1945, he learned that the Nazi regime had murdered his wife, daughter, son, and grandchildren. He remarried, but had no children. Following the death of his father, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, the fourth Rebbe of Ger, in 1948, he became a forceful leader of his growing followers in the Ger Hasidic movement, as well as became very active in the political life of the nascent State of Israel. He would go around at night by himself to the various yeshivas, even the non-Hasidic ones, and check on the students. He would also have one of his agents call an especially good student to talk to him, ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter ( he, יהודה אריה ליב אלתר, 15 April 1847 – 11 January 1905), also known by the title of his main work, the ''Sfas Emes'' (Ashkenazic Pronunciation) or ''Sefat Emet'' (Modern Hebrew), was a Hasidic rabbi who succeeded his grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, as the ''Av beis din'' (head of the rabbinical court) and Rav of Góra Kalwaria, Poland (known in Yiddish as the town of Ger), and succeeded Rabbi Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin of Aleksander as Rebbe of the Gerrer Hasidim. Biography Early years He was born in 1847 (5608) and named Yehudah Leib; he was known to family and friends as Leybl. His father, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, died when Yehudah Leib was only eight years old, and his mother Mrs. Esther Alter (née Landsztajn) died before that. Orphaned of both parents, he was brought up by his grandparents, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter (known as the ''Chiddushei Harim'') and his wife. When he was about ten years old, his grandfat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaakov Aryeh Alter
Yaakov Aryeh Alter ( pl, Jakub Arie Alter, he, יעקב אריה אלתר, born 18 May 1939) is the eighth, and current, Rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty of Ger, a position he has held since 1996. He lives in Israel, and has followers there and in the United States, Europe, and Canada. He is a member of the Presidium of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Agudath Israel. Life Yaakov Aryeh Alter was born on 29 Iyar 5699 in Lodz, Poland, in 1939, to Rabbi Simcha Bunim Alter, also known as the ''Lev Simcha'', who later became the sixth Gerrer Rebbe, and Yuta Henya, daughter of Rabbi Nehemiah Alter, his grandfather's brother. He was named after his ancestor Rabbi Yaakov Aryeh Guterman of Radzymin. In 1940, he immigrated with his father and grandfather (Rebbe Avraham Mordechai Alter) to Eretz Israel. He studied in the Talmud Torah Etz Chaim. For many years, he studied Torah at a synagogue known as ''Rashi Shtiebel'' in Bnei Brak. He married Shoshana, daughter of Rabbi Menachem Mendel W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
