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Allocosa Senex
''Allocosa brasiliensis'' is a burrowing wolf spider species from southern South America. Long known to science, it remained almost unstudied until its unusual sexual behavior was described in the early 21st century.BBC News 2011-APR-12Cannibal wolf spiders are ladykillers/ref> This ground-dwelling spider is native to mainly coastal areas, from southeastern Brazil via Uruguay and Argentina to southern Chile, though its known occurrences are patchy. To what extent it is found on the Atlantic coast south of the Río de la Plata remains largely unknown, for example. While the males have been known for over a century, the females were only described in 1980. Description ''A. brasiliensis'' is a mid-sized cryptic light brown spider of robust build, with a body size of well over 1 cm (0.5 in and more) when fully grown, up to almost twice this size in the largest specimens. The cephalothorax has an inconspicuous darker stripe pattern reminiscent of that found in many lycosids, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Petrunkevitch
Alexander Ivanovitch Petrunkevitch (Russian: Александр Иванович Петрункевич, December 22, 1875 in Plysky near Kyiv, now Ukraine – March 9, 1964 in New Haven) was an eminent Russian arachnologist of his time. From 1910 to 1939 he described over 130 spider species. One of his most famous essays was "The Spider and the Wasp." In it he uses effective word choices and some comic touch. Biography His aristocratic father, Ivan Illitch Petrunkevitch, was a liberal member of the First Duma and founded the Constitutional Democratic Party. After finishing his studies in Moscow and in Freiburg under August Weismann, Alexander settled in Yale in 1910, becoming a full professor in 1917. Apart from describing present-day species, he was a major figure in the study of fossil arachnids, including those in amber and from the Coal Measures. He also experimented with live specimens and worked on insects. Professor Petrunkevitch's formulation of the principle of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carapace
A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the underside is called the plastron. Crustaceans In crustaceans, the carapace functions as a protective cover over the cephalothorax (i.e., the fused head and thorax, as distinct from the abdomen behind). Where it projects forward beyond the eyes, this projection is called a rostrum (anatomy), rostrum. The carapace is Calcification, calcified to varying degrees in different crustaceans. Zooplankton within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include Cladocera, ostracods, and Isopoda, isopods, but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace covering the head. Arachnids In arachnids, the carapace is formed by the fusion of prosomal tergites into a single Plate (animal anatomy), plate which carries the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycosa
''Lycosa'' is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world. Sometimes called the "true tarantula", though not closely related to the spiders most commonly called tarantulas today, ''Lycosa'' spp. can be distinguished from common wolf spiders by their relatively large size. This genus includes the European ''Lycosa tarantula'', which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever, asserted to be curable only by the traditional tarantella dance. No scientific substantiation of that myth is known; the venom of ''Lycosa'' spiders is generally not harmful. As of November 2020, more than 200 species in this genus had been described.Planas, E., Fernández-Montraveta, C., & Ribera, C. (2013)Molecular systematics of the wolf spider genus ''Lycosa'' (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 67(2), 414-428. Species list , the World Spide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocosa Halophila
''Allocosa'' is a spider genus of the wolf spider family, Lycosidae. The 130 or more recognized species are spread worldwide. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Allocosa abmingani'' (Hickman, 1944) – South Australia *''Allocosa absoluta'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA, Mexico *''Allocosa adolphifriederici'' (Strand, 1913) – Central, East Africa, Zanzibar *''Allocosa albiconspersa'' Roewer, 1959 – Rwanda *''Allocosa albonotata'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia *'' Allocosa algoensis'' (Pocock, 1900) – South Africa *''Allocosa alticeps'' (Mello-Leitão, 1944) – Argentina *''Allocosa apora'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA to Costa Rica *''Allocosa aurata'' (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa *''Allocosa aurichelis'' Roewer, 1959 – South Africa *''Allocosa bersabae'' Roewer, 1959 – Namibia *''Allocosa biserialis'' Roewer, 1959 – Congo *''Allocosa brasiliensis'' (Petrunkevitch, 1910) – Brazil *'' Allocosa caboverdensis'' Schmidt & Krause, 1995 – Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocosa Alticeps
''Allocosa'' is a spider genus of the wolf spider family, Lycosidae. The 130 or more recognized species are spread worldwide. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Allocosa abmingani'' (Hickman, 1944) – South Australia *''Allocosa absoluta'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA, Mexico *'' Allocosa adolphifriederici'' (Strand, 1913) – Central, East Africa, Zanzibar *''Allocosa albiconspersa'' Roewer, 1959 – Rwanda *''Allocosa albonotata'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia *'' Allocosa algoensis'' (Pocock, 1900) – South Africa *'' Allocosa alticeps'' (Mello-Leitão, 1944) – Argentina *''Allocosa apora'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA to Costa Rica *''Allocosa aurata'' (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa *''Allocosa aurichelis'' Roewer, 1959 – South Africa *''Allocosa bersabae'' Roewer, 1959 – Namibia *''Allocosa biserialis'' Roewer, 1959 – Congo *''Allocosa brasiliensis'' (Petrunkevitch, 1910) – Brazil *'' Allocosa caboverdensis'' Schmidt & Krause, 1995 – C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Spider
Ant spiders are members of the family Zodariidae. They are small to medium-sized eight-eyed spiders found in all tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, New Zealand, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent. Most species are daytime hunters and live together with ants, mimicking their behavior and sometimes even their chemical traits. Although little is known about most zodariids, members of the genus '' Zodarion'' apparently feed only on ants; a number of other genera in the family are apparently also ant (or termite) specialists. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera: *''Acanthinozodium'' Denis, 1966 *''Akyttara'' Jocqué, 1987 *''Amphiledorus'' Jocqué & Bosmans, 2001 *'' Antillorena'' Jocqué, 1991 *'' Asceua'' Thorell, 1887 *'' Aschema'' Jocqué, 1991 *'' Asteron'' Jocqué, 1991 *'' Australutica'' Jocqué, 1995 *'' Ballomma'' Jocqué & Henrard, 2015 *'' Basasteron'' Baehr, 2003 *'' Caesetius'' Simon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocosa Argentinensis
''Allocosa'' is a spider genus of the wolf spider family, Lycosidae. The 130 or more recognized species are spread worldwide. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Allocosa abmingani'' (Hickman, 1944) – South Australia *''Allocosa absoluta'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA, Mexico *''Allocosa adolphifriederici'' (Strand, 1913) – Central, East Africa, Zanzibar *''Allocosa albiconspersa'' Roewer, 1959 – Rwanda *''Allocosa albonotata'' (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia *'' Allocosa algoensis'' (Pocock, 1900) – South Africa *''Allocosa alticeps'' (Mello-Leitão, 1944) – Argentina *''Allocosa apora'' (Gertsch, 1934) – USA to Costa Rica *''Allocosa aurata'' (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa *''Allocosa aurichelis'' Roewer, 1959 – South Africa *''Allocosa bersabae'' Roewer, 1959 – Namibia *''Allocosa biserialis'' Roewer, 1959 – Congo *''Allocosa brasiliensis'' (Petrunkevitch, 1910) – Brazil *'' Allocosa caboverdensis'' Schmidt & Krause, 1995 – Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cândido Firmino De Mello-Leitão
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (July 17, 1886 – December 14, 1948) was a Brazilian zoologist who is considered the founder of Arachnology in South America, publishing 198 papers on the taxonomy of Arachnida. He was also involved with education, writing high-school textbooks, and contributed to biogeography, with essays on the distribution of Arachnida in the South American continent. Biography Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão was born on the Cajazeiras Farm, Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Brazil, to Colonel Cândido Firmino and Jacunda de Mello-Leitão. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His parents were subsistence farmers, and he had 15 brothers and sisters. He lived most of his childhood at the state of Pernambuco. His first job as a zoologist (1913) was at the Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária in Piraí, RJ, as a teacher of general Zoology and Systematics. In 1915, he published his first taxonomical paper, with descriptions of some genera and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinneret (spider)
A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are typically segmented. While most spiders have six spinnerets, some have two, four, or eight. They can move both independently and in concert. Most spinnerets are not simple structures with a single orifice producing a single thread, but complex structures of many microscopic spigots, each producing one filament. This produces the necessary orientation of the protein molecules, without which the silk would be weak and useless. Spigots can be singular or found in groups, which also permits spiders to combine multiple filaments in different ways to produce many kinds of silk for various purposes. Spinneret morphology can help arachnologists identify the taxon of a specimen and the specific morphology of a spigot can determine its use as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
