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Allart Pieter Van Jongestall
Allart Pieter van Jongestall, also spelled Allard Pieter van Jongestal (12 August 1612 in Stavoren – 9 November 1676 in Hallum) was a Dutch jurist and diplomat. He was president of the ''Hof van Friesland'' (High Court of the province of Friesland) and represented the States-General of the Dutch Republic in the negotiations of the Treaty of Westminster (1654) and the Treaty of Breda (1667) which ended the first two Anglo-Dutch Wars. Life Jongestall was born Pieter van Jongestall, the son of Wijbrand van Jongestall (a ''schepen'', or ''burgemeester'' of his native Stavoren, and a member of the Admiralty board of Friesland). His mother's maiden name was Viersen. He studied Roman-Dutch law and Literature at the University of Franeker between 1631 and 1634. In 1634 he first studied at the University of Leiden and later obtained a Doctor Juris-degree in France. He married Margaretha van Haren, a sister of the nobleman and ambassador Willem van Haren, in 1639. They had seven ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Breda (1667)
The Peace of Breda, or Treaty of Breda was signed in the Dutch city of Breda, on 31 July 1667. It consisted of three separate treaties between England and each of its opponents in the Second Anglo-Dutch War: the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark–Norway. It also included a separate Anglo-Dutch commercial agreement. Negotiations had been in progress since late 1666 but were slow, as both sides tried to improve their positions. This changed after the French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in late May, which the Dutch viewed as a more serious threat. War-weariness in England was increased by the June Raid on the Medway. Both factors led to a rapid agreement of terms. Prior to 1667, the Anglo-Dutch relationship had been dominated by commercial conflict, which the treaty did not end entirely. However, tensions decreased markedly and cleared the way for the 1668 Triple Alliance between the Dutch Republic, England and Sweden. With the brief anomaly of the 1672 to 1674 Third ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grietman
A grietman (from Old Frisian ''greta'' to accuse, to summon) is partly a forerunner of the current rural mayor in the province of Friesland, and partly the forerunner of a judge. The area of jurisdiction was the municipality or gemeente. In the judge function, the concept was also found in the Western side of the province of Groningen. The grietman and judges were responsible for the administration and justice in the Frisian grietenij. The grietmannen were in turn elected or appointed, with the cooperation of the stadholder In the Low Countries, ''stadtholder'' ( nl, stadhouder ) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and ... and the Executive Council. The grietman was often kept in the same family. The eleven Frisian cities have mayors. All 30 grietmen and the 11 mayors had a voting right in the Provincial States, thus giving the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willem Nieupoort
Willem Nieupoort (30 January 1607, in Schiedam – 2 May 1678, in The Hague) was a Dutch States Party politician, ambassador to the Commonwealth of England for the Dutch Republic and commissioner in the Dutch delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Westminster (1654) after the First Anglo-Dutch War. Life Nieupoort was the son of Willem Nieupoort, town clerk of Schiedam. He studied Literature in France. He married Anna van Loon, daughter of Hans van Loon, a wealthy V.O.C. ''bewindhebber'' (director),in 1637 and had issue. Career After he completed his studies in France he became secretary of Albert Joachimi, ambassador of the States-General of the Netherlands at the Court of St James's around 1625. Returned to the Netherlands, he became a member of the Schiedam vroedschap in 1629 and a few years later pensionary of that city. As such he represented the city in the States of Holland and the States-General. After the death of stadtholder William II, Prince of Orange he played ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieronymus Van Beverningh
Hieronymus van Beverningh (sometimes spelled Beverningk) ( Gouda, April 25, 1614 – Oud Teylingen, October 30, 1690) was a prominent Dutch regent, diplomat, amateur botanist, and patron of the arts, who lived during the Dutch Golden Age. Biography Early life Beverningh was the son of Melchior Beverningh, a captain in the States Army and Sibilla Standert. His grandfather, Johan Beverningh, was a Prussian officer who had taken a commission in the States Army and reached the rank of lieutenant-general of artillery. He studied at the Latin school in his birthplace Gouda under Jacobus Hovius and at the University of Leiden. After his studies he made the usual " grand tour" of a Dutch gentleman to France. He married Johanna le Gillon on April 4, 1655, a marriage that was to remain childless. Beverningh was coopted in the Gouda ''vroedschap'' and elected ''schepen'' in 1645. The very next year he was sent as a deputy to the States of Holland. In 1651 he represented the province of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulus Van De Perre
Paulus van de Perre (Middelburg?, 1598? – London, 14 December 1653) was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was one of the Dutch envoys who negotiated the Treaty of Westminster (1654) for the Dutch Republic with Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. Biography Van de Perre was a son of Adriaan van de Perre and Adriana Dircx Hayman. His birthplace and year of birth are uncertain. He spent most of his life in Middelburg, the capital of the province of Zeeland in the Dutch Republic. He was married to Clara Teelinck, with whom he had a son and two daughters. He occupied a number of municipal offices: schepen, burgemeester, and pensionary. He represented the city in the States of Zeeland and the States-General of the Netherlands. In 1652 he was a regent of the Latin school in Middelburg. Van de Perre (who had received a law degree) is best remembered for his role as a diplomat in the relations of the Dutch Republic with the Commonwealth of England around the First Anglo-Dutch War. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of England
The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth", adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649. Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State. During the period, fighting continued, particularly in Ireland and Scotland, between the parliamentary forces and those opposed to them, in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish war of 1650–1652. In 1653, after dissolution of the Rump Parliament, the Army Council adopted the Instrument of Government which made Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of a united "Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland", inaugurating the period now usually known as the Prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Anglo-Dutch War
The First Anglo-Dutch War, or simply the First Dutch War, ( nl, Eerste Engelse (zee-)oorlog, "First English (Sea) War"; 1652–1654) was a conflict fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. It was largely caused by disputes over trade, and English historians also emphasise political issues.Israel (1997), p. 1117 The war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but expanded to vast fleet actions. Although the English Navy won most of these battles, they only controlled the seas around England, and after the tactical English victory at Scheveningen, the Dutch used smaller warships and privateers to capture numerous English merchant ships. Therefore, by November 1653 Cromwell was willing to make peace, provided the House of Orange was excluded from the office of Stadtholder.Israel (1995), pp. 721-2 Cromwell also attempted to protect English trade against Dutch competition by creating a monopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, first as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian army and then as a politician. A leading advocate of the execution of Charles I in January 1649, which led to the establishment of the Republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, he ruled as Lord Protector from December 1653 until his death in September 1658. Cromwell nevertheless remains a deeply controversial figure in both Britain and Ireland, due to his use of the military to first acquire, then retain political power, and the brutality of his 1649 Irish campaign. Educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Cromwell was elected MP for Huntingdon in 1628, but the first 40 years of his life were undistinguished and at one point he contemplated emigrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Protector
Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes used to refer to holders of other temporary posts; for example, a regent acting for the absent monarch. Feudal royal regent The title of "The Lord Protector" was originally used by royal princes or other nobles exercising a role as protector and defensor of the realm, while sitting also in a council of government, usually when the English monarch was still a minor or otherwise unable to rule. It differs from a continental regency because of the separation of powers. Notable cases in England: * John, Duke of Bedford, and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, were (5 December 1422 – 6 November 1429) jointly Lords Protector for Henry VI (1421–1471); * Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, was thrice (3 April 1454 – February 1455; 19 November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Stadtholderless Period
The First Stadtholderless Period or Era (1650–72; nl, Eerste Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of Stadtholder was vacant in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Friesland and Groningen, however, retained their customary stadtholder from the cadet branch of the House of Orange). It coincided with the zenith of the Golden Age of the Republic. The term has acquired a negative connotation in 19th-century Orangist Dutch historiography, but whether such a negative view is justified is debatable. Republicans argue that the Dutch state functioned very well under the regime of Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt, despite the fact that it was forced to fight two major wars with England, and several minor wars with other European powers. Thanks to friendly relations with France, a cessation of hostilities with Spain, and the relative weakness of other European great powers, the Republic for a while was able to play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, The Hague has been described as the country's de facto capital. The Hague is also the capital of the province of South Holland, and the city hosts both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The Hague is the core municipality of the Greater The Hague urban area, which comprises the city itself and its suburban municipalities, containing over 800,000 people, making it the third-largest urban area in the Netherlands, again after the urban areas of Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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