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Alfredo Capelli
Alfredo Capelli (5 August 1855 – 28 January 1910) was an Italian mathematician who discovered Capelli's identity. Biography Capelli earned his Laurea from the University of Rome in 1877 under Giuseppe Battaglini, and moved to the University of Pavia where he worked as an assistant for Felice Casorati. In 1881 he became the professor of Algebraic Analysis at the University of Palermo, replacing Cesare Arzelà who had recently moved to Bologna. In 1886, he moved again to the University of Naples, where he held the chair in algebra. He remained at Naples until his death in 1910. As well as being professor there, Capelli was editor of the ''Giornale di Matematiche di Battaglini'' from 1894 to 1910, and was elected to the Accademia dei Lincei The Accademia dei Lincei (; literally the "Academy of the Lynx-Eyed", but anglicised as the Lincean Academy) is one of the oldest and most prestigious European scientific institutions, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city has 3.26 million inhabitants. Its continuously built-up urban area (whose outer suburbs extend well beyond the boundaries of the administrative metropolitan city and even stretch into the nearby country of Switzerland) is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants. According to national sources, the population within the wider Milan metropolitan area (also known as Greater Milan), is estimated between 8.2 million and 12.5 million making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the largest in the EU.* * * * Milan is considered a leading alpha global city, with strengths in the fields of art, chemicals, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurea
In Italy, the ''laurea'' is the main post-secondary academic degree. The name originally referred literally to the laurel wreath, since ancient times a sign of honor and now worn by Italian students right after their official graduation ceremony and sometimes during the graduation party. A graduate is known as a ''laureato'', literally "crowned with laurel." The ''Laurea'' degree before the Bologna process Early history In the early Middle Ages Italian universities awarded both bachelor's and doctor's degrees. However very few bachelor's degrees from Italian universities are recorded in the later Middle Ages and none after 1500. Students could take the doctoral examination without studying at the university. This was criticised by northern Europeans as taking a degree la, per saltum, label=none because they had leapt over the regulations requiring years of study at the university. Twentieth century To earn a ''laurea'' (degree) undergraduate students had to complete four to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1910 Deaths
Year 191 ( CXCI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Bradua (or, less frequently, year 944 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 191 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Parthia * King Vologases IV of Parthia dies after a 44-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Vologases V. China * A coalition of Chinese warlords from the east of Hangu Pass launches a punitive campaign against the warlord Dong Zhuo, who seized control of the central government in 189, and held the figurehead Emperor Xian Emperor Xian of Han (2 April 181 – 21 April 234), personal name Liu Xie (劉協), courtesy name Bohe, was the 14th and last emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in China. He reigned from 28 September 189 until 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1855 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in modern-day Minneapolis, a predecessor of the Father Louis Hennepin Bridge. ** The 8.2–8.3 Wairarapa earthquake claims between five and nine lives near the Cook Strait area of New Zealand. * January 26 – The Point No Point Treaty is signed in the Washington Territory. * January 27 – The Panama Railway becomes the first railroad to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. * January 29 – Lord Aberdeen resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, over the management of the Crimean War. * February 5 – Lord Palmerston becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. * February 11 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia. * February 12 – Michigan State University (the "pioneer" l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Italian Mathematicians
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accademia Dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei (; literally the "Academy of the Lynx-Eyed", but anglicised as the Lincean Academy) is one of the oldest and most prestigious European scientific institutions, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy. Founded in the Papal States in 1603 by Federico Cesi, the academy was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the observational prowess that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature. "The Lincei did not long survive the death in 1630 of Cesi, its founder and patron", and "disappeared in 1651". During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Vatican and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Science, founded in 1847, claims this heritage as the ''Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes")'', descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesare Arzelà
Cesare Arzelà (6 March 1847 – 15 March 1912) was an Italian mathematician who taught at the University of Bologna and is recognized for his contributions in the theory of functions, particularly for his characterization of sequences of continuous functions, generalizing the one given earlier by Giulio Ascoli in the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem. Life He was a pupil of the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa where he graduated in 1869. Arzelà came from a poor household; therefore he could not start his study until 1871, when he studied in Pisa under Enrico Betti and Ulisse Dini. He was working in Florence (from 1875) and in 1878 obtained the Chair of Algebra at the University of Palermo. After that he became a professor in 1880 at the University of Bologna at the department of analysis. He conducted research in the field of theory of functions. His most famous student was Leonida Tonelli. In 1889 he generalized the Ascoli theorem to Arzelà–Ascoli theorem, an important theorem in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felice Casorati (mathematician)
Felice Casorati (17 December 1835 – 11 September 1890) was an Italian mathematician who studied at the University of Pavia. He was born in Pavia and died in Casteggio. He is best known for the Casorati–Weierstrass theorem in complex analysis. The theorem, named for Casorati and Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass, describes the remarkable behavior of holomorphic functions near essential singularities, which is that every holomorphic function gets values from any complex neighbourhood, in any neighbourhood of the singularity. The Casorati matrix is useful in the study of linear difference equations, just as the Wronskian is useful with linear differential equations. It is calculated based on n functions of the single input variable. Works * , available at Gallica (also aGDZ. Freely available copies of volume 1 of his best-known monograph A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subjec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouché–Capelli Theorem
In linear algebra, the Rouché–Capelli theorem determines the number of solutions for a system of linear equations, given the rank of its augmented matrix and coefficient matrix. The theorem is variously known as the: * Rouché–Capelli theorem in English speaking countries, Italy and Brazil; * Kronecker–Capelli theorem in Austria, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Russia; * Rouché–Fontené theorem in France; * Rouché–Frobenius theorem in Spain and many countries in Latin America; * Frobenius theorem in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. Formal statement A system of linear equations with ''n'' variables has a solution if and only if the rank of its coefficient matrix ''A'' is equal to the rank of its augmented matrix ''b'' If there are solutions, they form an affine subspace of \mathbb^n of dimension ''n'' − rank(''A''). In particular: * if ''n'' = rank(''A''), the solution is unique, * otherwise there are infinitely many solutions. Example Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capelli's Identity
In mathematics, Capelli's identity, named after , is an analogue of the formula det(''AB'') = det(''A'') det(''B''), for certain matrices with noncommuting entries, related to the representation theory of the Lie algebra \mathfrak_n. It can be used to relate an invariant ''ƒ'' to the invariant Ω''ƒ'', where Ω is Cayley's Ω process. Statement Suppose that ''x''''ij'' for ''i'',''j'' = 1,...,''n'' are commuting variables. Write ''E''ij for the polarization operator :E_ = \sum_^n x_\frac. The Capelli identity states that the following differential operators, expressed as determinants, are equal: : \begin E_+n-1 & \cdots &E_& E_ \\ \vdots& \ddots & \vdots&\vdots\\ E_ & \cdots & E_+1&E_ \\ E_ & \cdots & E_& E_ +0\end = \begin x_ & \cdots & x_ \\ \vdots& \ddots & \vdots\\ x_ & \cdots & x_ \end \begin \frac & \cdots &\frac \\ \vdots& \ddots & \vdots\\ \frac & \cdots &\frac \end. Both sides are differential operators. The determinant on the left has non-com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
