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Albert Spencer Wilcox
Albert Spencer Wilcox (May 24, 1844 – July 7, 1919) was a businessman and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii. He developed several sugar plantations in Hawaii, and became a large landholder. Early life Albert Spencer Wilcox was born in Hilo, Hawaii, on May 24, 1844. His father was Abner Wilcox (1808–1869) and mother was Lucy Eliza Hart (1814–1869). His parents were in the eighth company of missionaries to Hawaii for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. His parents taught at the Hilo Mission boarding school founded by David Belden Lyman and his wife. He had three older brothers born while at Hilo. In 1846 the family moved to teach at a similar school at the Waioli Mission near Hanalei, Hawaii, on the northern coast of the island of Kauai. There he had four more brothers, although one died young. In 1851 he sailed to Boston with his father for surgery to fix a birth defect in his foot. He was educated at his parents' scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilo
Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census. It is the fourth-largest settlement in the state of Hawaii and largest settlement in the state outside of Oahu. Hilo is the county seat of the County of Hawaii and is in the District of South Hilo. The city overlooks Hilo Bay and has views of two shield volcanoes, Mauna Loa, an active volcano, and Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano. Mauna Kea is the site of some of the world's most important ground-based astronomical Mauna Kea Observatories, observatories. The Hilo bay-front has been destroyed by tsunamis twice. The majority of human settlement in Hilo stretches from Hilo Bay to Waiākea-Uka, on the flanks of the volcanoes. Hilo is home to the University of Hawaii at Hilo, University of Hawaii at Hilo, ʻImiloa Astr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punahou School
Punahou School (known as Oahu College until 1934) is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school in Honolulu, Hawaii. More than 3,700 students attend the school from kindergarten through twelfth grade, 12th grade. Protestant missionary, Protestant missionaries established Punahou in 1841. In 2006, it was ranked the greenest school in America. In 2017, Punahou's sports program was ranked second nationally in the MaxPreps Cup standings. Punahou's student body is diverse, with student selection based on both academic and non-academic considerations. History In 1795, King Kamehameha I took the land known as ''Ka Punahou'' in battle. Along with Ka Punahou, he gave a total of of land (from the slope of Round Top to the current Central Union Church, which included a tract of Kewalo Basin) to chief Kameeiamoku, Kameeiamoku as a reward for his loyalty. After Kameeiamoku died, the land passed to his son, Hoapili, Ulumāheihei Hoapili, who lived there for 20 more years. When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Hawaii At Manoa
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdemar Knudsen
Valdemar Emil Knudsen (August 5, 1819 – January 5, 1898) was a sugarcane plantation pioneer on west Kauai, Hawaii. Background Valdemar Emil Knudsen was born in Kristiansand, in Vest-Agder county, Norway. He was college-trained in botany and science in Copenhagen. Knudsen was successful both as a publisher in New York City and as a merchant during the California gold rush of the 1840s. He learned the languages of the local Indians and helped them with advice in legal matters. In November 1849, he was part of the California Constitutional Convention. Career Knudsen arrived in Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii in 1856. He managed the Grove Farm Plantation which was then owned by Hermann A. Widemann. The Kingdom of Hawaii contracted with Knudsen for the removal of armaments from Russian Fort Elizabeth, east of the town of Waimea. In a letter sent to Honolulu, Knudsen listed an inventory of the guns at the fort following a survey made in 1862. Knudsen subsequently bought a 30-year lease on H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kekaha, Hawaii
Kekaha (literally, "the place" in Hawaiian) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 3,715 at the 2020 census, up from 3,175 at the 2000 census. History For most of the 20th century, the Kekaha Sugar Mill (owned by Amfac) was the centerpiece of agriculture on Kauai's west side. The sugar mill had a major influence in Kekaha's development, including banking, employment, transportation, housing and utilities such as water and electricity. The mill employed several generations of local families. It closed in 2000 when the entire sugar industry in Hawaii collapsed. The mill was purchased in 2005 by mainland investors who sold off its heavy machinery to other mills as far away as Africa. Hawaii's first (and only) train robbery occurred here in February 1920, when a masked gunman stopped a slow-moving sugar train and escaped with the locomotive and $11,000 taken from the labor paymaster on board. Police recovered the money in a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariff
A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. Besides being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and policy that taxes foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry. ''Protective tariffs'' are among the most widely used instruments of protectionism, along with import quotas and export quotas and other non-tariff barriers to trade. Tariffs can be fixed (a constant sum per unit of imported goods or a percentage of the price) or variable (the amount varies according to the price). Taxing imports means people are less likely to buy them as they become more expensive. The intention is that they buy local products instead, boosting their country's economy. Tariffs therefore provide an incentive to develop production and replace imports with domestic products. Tariffs are meant to reduce pressure from foreign competition and reduce th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reciprocity Treaty Of 1875
The Treaty of reciprocity between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Kingdom ( Hawaiian: ''Kuʻikahi Pānaʻi Like'') was a free trade agreement signed and ratified in 1875 that is generally known as the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. The treaty gave free access to the United States market for sugar and other products grown in the Kingdom of Hawaii starting in September 1876. In return, the US gained lands in the area known as Puu Loa for what became known as the Pearl Harbor naval base. The treaty led to large investment by Americans in sugarcane plantations in Hawaii. Background For decades, the sugar planters in Hawaii had been economically hampered by United States import taxes placed upon their product, and consequently had been attempting negotiations for a free trade agreement. Two previous efforts at reaching an agreement with the United States failed, for many reasons. The planters wanted a treaty, but Hawaiians feared it would lead to annexation by the Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanamaulu, Hawaii
Hanamāulu (literally, "tired bay" in Hawaiian) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. It is the ancient birthplace of Kawelo, a member of Kauai's ruling family. The population was 4,994 at the 2020 census, up from 3,272 at the 2000 census. Geography Hanamāulu is located on the east side of the island of Kauai at (21.997387, -159.357133). It is bordered to the south by Lihue, with Hanamaulu Stream forming the boundary between the two communities. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 12.25%, are water. The water area is primarily the north side of Hanamaulu Bay. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 3,272 people, 902 households, and 738 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 947 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 8.2% White, 0.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 61.5% Asian, 5.8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugar Mill
A sugar cane mill is a factory that processes sugar cane to produce raw or white sugar. The term is also used to refer to the equipment that crushes the sticks of sugar cane to extract the juice. Processing There are a number of steps in producing raw sugar from cane: # Cane receiving and unloading (receive the cane at the factory and unload it from the transport vehicles) # Cane preparation (cutting and shredding cane to prepare it for juice extraction) # Juice extraction (two technologies are in common use; milling or diffusion) # Juice clarification (remove suspended solids from the juice, typically mud, waxes, fibres) # Juice evaporation (to concentrate the juice to a thick syrup of about 65° brix) # Syrup clarification (remove suspended solids from the syrup, typically colloid size of mud, waxes, fibres, etc.) # Crystallisation # Centrifugation (Separation of the sugar crystals from the mother liquor, done by centrifugal machines) # Sugar drying # Packaging and delivery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Isenberg
Paul Isenberg (April 15, 1837 – January 16, 1903) was a German businessman who developed the sugarcane business in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Life Paul Heinrich Friedrich Carl Isenberg was born April 15, 1837, in Dransfeld, Kingdom of Hanover, Germany. His father was Lutheran minister Daniel Isenberg (1807–1875), and mother was Dorothea (Strauch) Isenberg (1808–1871). He came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1858. Isenberg moved to the island of Kauai and first worked in Wailua. In October 1861 he married Hannah "Maria" Rice, daughter of William Harrison Rice (February 17, 1842—April 7, 1867). They had two children, Mary Dorothea Rice Isenberg (1862–1949) and Daniel Paul Rice Isenberg (1866–1919), known as "Paul Jr." He traveled back to Germany in 1869 where he married Beta Margarete Glade (born 1846) before returning to Hawaii. They had six more children: Johannes "John" Carl Isenberg (born September 12, 1870), Heinrich Alexander Isenberg (born January 17, 1872), Julie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waipa Foundation
The Waipa Foundation is a non-profit organization which sponsors a program called ''Aina Ulu'' (in the Hawaiian language), funded by Kamehameha Schools. Its programs grew out of community efforts to manage the ahupuaa of Waipa in the late 1980s. The Waipa Foundation was established as a 501(c)3 non-profit in 1993. The program The foundation makes its home in the ahupuaa of Waipa, a valley on the north shore of the island of Kauai in Hawaii, . The Waipa stream flows through the valley and empties into Hanalei Bay. An ahupuaa is an ancient Hawaiian land division from mountains to the sea, often corresponding to a watershed district. It was used in traditional Hawaiian times as a way to distribute the resources of the land to the people. The mission of the foundation is "the physical and cultural restoration of the ahupuaa of Waipa". Ecological restoration The restoration project at Waipa focuses on human interactions with plants and land. There are three types of sites. The fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Crichton Wyllie
Robert Crichton Wyllie (October 13, 1798 – October 19, 1865) was a Scottish physician and businessman. He served for twenty years as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Early life Wyllie was born October 13, 1798, in an area called Hazelbank in Dunlop parish of East Ayrshire, Scotland. His father was Alexander Wyllie. His mother, Janet Crichton, traced her descent from James Crichton. He attended the University of Glasgow, earning a medical diploma by the time he was 20. He left as a ship surgeon, intending to practice in Russia. He got as far as Valparaíso in Chile in 1818, then set up in practice in nearby Coquimbo. After a few years he gave up medical practice and became a partner in a successful trading business. He took a small yacht, ''Daule'', to Kolkata, India (then called Calcutta), from 1824 to 1826, stopping in the Hawaiian islands en route. His cousin William Edward Petty Hartnell had settled near Monterey, California since 1822, taking the name Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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