|
Alauna (other)
Alauna is the feminine form of the Gaulish god Alaunus or (possibly) an unrelated Celtic river goddess in her own right. It appeared as the Latinized form of various placenames in Celtic Europe: Places ;France *Alauna or Alaunia, the Roman settlement at Valognes in Normandy *Alauna or Alaunus, the Roman name of the River Aulne in Brittany ;England *Alauna Carvetiorum, the Roman coastal fort and settlement at Maryport in Cumbria *Alauna, Alavana, Alona, or Alunna, generally identified with the Roman fort at Watercrook near Kendal in Cumbria *Alauna, the Roman settlement at Alcester in Warwickshire *The River Aln, sometimes identified with the Alauna or Alaunos River in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' *The Roman settlement at Learchild, sometimes identified with the Alauna in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' ;Scotland *The Allan Water, sometimes identified with the Alauna or Alaunos River in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' * Ardoch in Perthshire, sometimes identified with the Alauna in Ptolemy's ''Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallo-Roman Religion
Gallo-Roman religion is a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Celtic speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule. It was the result of selective acculturation. Deities In some cases, Gaulish deity names were used as epithets for Roman deities, and vice versa, as with Lenus Mars or Jupiter Poeninus. In other cases, Roman gods were given Gaulish female partners – for example, Mercury was paired with Rosmerta and Sirona was partnered with Apollo. In at least one case – that of the equine goddess Epona – a native Celtic goddess was also adopted by Romans. The Jupiter Column was a distinctive type of religious monument from Roman Gaul and Germania, combining an equestrian Jupiter overcoming a giant (or sometimes Jupiter enthroned) with panels depicting many other deities. Eastern mystery religions penetrated Gaul early on. These included the cults of Orpheus, Mithras, Cybel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaunus
Alaunus or Alaunius (Gaulish: ''Alaunos'') is a Gaulish god of healing and prophecy. His name is known from inscriptions found in Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in Southern France and in Mannheim in western Germany. In the latter inscription, Alaunus is used as an epithet of Mercury.''L'Arbre Celtique''.Alaunus andAlaunius. The feminine form ''Alauna'' (from an earlier *''Alamnā'') is at the origin of many place-names and hydronyms across Europe, including the Roman-era names of Valognes in Normandy, Maryport and Watercrook in Cumbria, Alcester in Warwickshire, Ardoch in Perthshire, and Learchild and the River Aln in Northumberland. Name The Gaulish theonym ''Alaunos'' stems from a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as *''Alamnos''. The etymology remains uncertain. It has been traditionally derived from the root *''al''- ('feed, raise, nurture'), and compared with the Latin ''alumnus'' ('nursling') and with names of rivers such as ''Almus'' in Moesia, '' Yealm'' (*''Almii'') i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtic Polytheism
Ancient Celtic religion, commonly known as Celtic paganism, was the religion of the ancient Celtic peoples of Europe. Because the ancient Celts did not have writing, evidence about their religion is gleaned from archaeology, Greco-Roman accounts (some of it hostile and probably not well-informed), and literature from the early Christian period. Green, Miranda (2012). "Chapter 25: The Gods and the supernatural", ''The Celtic World''. Routledge. pp.465–485 Celtic paganism was one of a larger group of Iron Age polytheistic religions of Europe. It varied by region and over time, but underlying this were "broad structural similarities" Cunliffe, Barry (1997). ''The Ancient Celts''. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 184. and "a basic religious homogeneity" among the Celtic peoples. The names of over two hundred Celtic deities have survived (see list of Celtic deities), although it is likely that many of these were alternative names, regional names or titles for the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latinization Of Names
Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a ''non''-Latin name in a Latin style. It is commonly found with historical proper names, including personal names and toponyms, and in the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences. It goes further than romanisation, which is the transliteration of a word to the Latin alphabet from another script (e.g. Cyrillic). For authors writing in Latin, this change allows the name to function grammatically in a sentence through declension. In a scientific context, the main purpose of Latinisation may be to produce a name which is internationally consistent. Latinisation may be carried out by: * transforming the name into Latin sounds (e.g. for ), or * adding Latinate suffixes to the end of a name (e.g. for '' Meibom),'' or * translating a name with a specific meaning into Latin (e.g. for Italian ; both mean 'hunter'), or * choosing a new name based on some attribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valognes
Valognes () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. Geography Valognes is situated in the Cotentin Peninsula, southeast of Cherbourg. Valognes station has rail connections to Caen, Paris and Cherbourg. History The town was built not far from the Gallo-Roman town of Alauna or Alaunia, from where the town derives its name. It was a fortified stronghold under the Norman dukes and French monarchs. Also here, William the Conqueror received the news that the barons of Cotentin and Bessin were conspiring to kill him, enabling him to escape to Falaise. Edward III of England took Valognes without resistance, spent one night there and then pillaged and burnt the city. Henry III of England possessed the town, which remained under English rule for thirty years. (It would be a kind of resort for English aristocratic visitors until the 1920s.) In 1588, during the French Wars of Religion, Valognes sided with the Catholic League. The castle, like that of Cherb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aulne
The Aulne ( br, Aon) is a long river of Brittany in north-western France, flowing down the hills and emptying into the roadstead of Brest, one of the many fjord-like bays just south of Brest. The river is part of the Canal de Nantes à Brest, the navigation canal that once connected the city of Nantes on the Loire with the port town of Brest on the Atlantic coast. This canal is still navigable over part of its length, but sea-going traffic is interrupted by the hydro-electric dam of Guerledan, which submerged a number of the original locks of the canal. The Aulne flows through Châteaulin. The river was known to the Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ... as the Alaunus, a name of uncertain etymology. References NoorderSoft Waterways Database {{Authority con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauna Carvetiorum
Alauna was a castrum or fort in the Roman province of Britannia. It occupied a coastal site just north of the town of Maryport in the English county of Cumbria (formerly part of Cumberland). It was linked by a Roman road to the Roman fort and settlement at Derventio (Papcastle) to the southeast, and thence by another road northeast to the regional hub of Luguvalium (Carlisle). In 2015 "Maryport's Mystery Monuments" was Research Project of the Year in the British Archaeology Awards. Name It has been established "beyond reasonable doubt" that the Roman name for Maryport was ''Alauna''. ''Alauna'' is a river name and the Roman fort stands on a hill north of the River Ellen. The name ''Alauna'' appears securely just once – in the ''Ravenna Cosmography''. The ''Antonine Itinerary'' mentions a fort called ''Alone'' on the road from Ravenglass to Whitchurch but this cannot be Maryport, but is either a fort at Watercrook (on the river Kent near Kendal) or one at Low Borrowbridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alavana
Alavana was a name tentatively (and probably wrongly) applied to the ruins of a Roman fort at Watercrook about south of Kendal in Cumbria, for which the Roman name Medibogdo is a perfect fit to its river-bend position. The fort at Watercrook was erected around AD 90, originally in timber but then redone in stone around the year 130 during the reign of Hadrian. The fort was abandoned for about 20 years during the Antonine occupation of Scotland. It was refurbished under Marcus Aurelius and occupied until around 270, when its military units departed. Its remains are now largely buried beneath a local farm, while excavated artifacts are displayed at the Kendal Museum. Alone was probably the name of a civilian settlement at Kendal. The Antonine Itinerary placed it 18 m.p. from Galava Ambleside Roman Fort is the modern name given to the remains of a fort of the Roman province of Britannia. The ruins have been tentatively identified as Galava, mentioned in the Antonine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcester
Alcester () is a market town and civil parish of Roman origin at the junction of the River Alne and River Arrow in the Stratford-on-Avon District in Warwickshire, England, approximately west of Stratford-upon-Avon, and 7 miles south of Redditch, close to the Worcestershire border. In 2020, the population of the parish was estimated at 6,202, with 7,146 in the built-up area. Etymology The poet and antiquary John Leland wrote in his ''Itinerary'' (ca. 1538–43) that the name Alcester was derived from that of the River Alne. The suffix 'cester' is derived from the Old English word 'ceaster', which meant a Roman fort or town, and derived from the Latin 'castrum', from which the modern word 'castle' also derives. History Alcester was founded by the Romans in around AD 47 as a walled fort. The walled town, possibly named ''Alauna'' developed from the military camp. It was sited on Icknield Street, a Roman road that ran the length of ''Roman Britain'' from south-west England to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Aln
The River Aln () runs through the county of Northumberland in England. It rises in Alnham in the Cheviot Hills and discharges into the North Sea at Alnmouth on the east coast of England. The river gives its name to the town of Alnwick and the villages of Alnmouth and Alnham. For part of its route, directly upstream of Alnwick, the river flows through Hulne Park. Etymology The meaning of the name ''Aln'' is uncertain, but it is generally seen as a river-name of the '' Alaunos'' or ''Alaunā''. Names of this type could derive from the Celtic root *''al''- ('feed, raise, nurture') or *''alǝ''- (to wander'), or else from the Brittonic element ''*al-'', "shining, bright" (Welsh ''alaw'', 'waterlilly'). Another suggestion is that the name is derived from the Brittonic root ''*Alaun-'' (‘holy one’ or ‘mighty one’). History The Aln is first mentioned in the Geography of Ptolemy, a 2nd Century AD Roman cartographer. He refers to it as the River Alaunos or Alaunus (Geograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Water
The Allan Water ( gd, Uisge Alain) is a river in central Scotland. Rising in the Ochil Hills, it runs through Strathallan to Dunblane and Bridge of Allan before joining the River Forth. It is liable to cause floods in lower Bridge of Allan. It shares its name with a tributary of the River Teviot. The name is similar to the Ale Water in Berwickshire, the River Alness in Ross-shire, the Allander Water in Stirlingshire, the River Alne and the Ayle Burn in Northumberland, the River Ellen in Cumbria, and several names in the south of England, Wales and Cornwall. Ptolemy, who wrote his Geography about 150 AD, gave the names of some of these rivers as Alauna or Alaunos. Ekwall says that Alauna or Alaunos are British .e. Brythonic or P-Celticriver names. Nicolaisen says that the name Allan is of Pre-Celtic Indo-European origin. Its original form was Alauna, from the Indo-European root *el-/ol-, meaning "to flow, to stream". Several European rivers and settlements have names that may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
