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Al-Mustamsik
Al-Mustamsik (), (died 1521) was the sixteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo under the tutelage of the Mamluk Sultanate. He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son, al-Mutawakkil III Al-Mutawakkil III () (died 1543) was the seventeenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate from 1508 to 1516, and again in 1517. Life He was the last caliph of the later Egyptian-based Caliphate. Since the Mongol sack of Baghdad .... References * Bibliography * * 1521 deaths 15th-century Abbasid caliphs 16th-century Abbasid caliphs Cairo-era Abbasid caliphs Year of birth unknown Sons of Abbasid caliphs {{MEast-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil III
Al-Mutawakkil III () (died 1543) was the seventeenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate from 1508 to 1516, and again in 1517. Life He was the last caliph of the later Egyptian-based Caliphate. Since the Mongol sack of Baghdad and the execution of Caliph Al-Musta'sim in 1258, these Cairene Caliphs had resided in Cairo as nominal rulers used to legitimize the actual rule of the Mamluk sultans. Al-Mutawakkil III was deposed briefly in 1516 by his predecessor Al-Mustamsik, but was restored to the office the following year. In 1517, Ottoman Sultan Selim I had managed to defeat the Mamluk Sultanate, and made Egypt part of the Ottoman Empire. Al-Mutawakkil III was captured together with his family and transported to Constantinople. According to traditional history, at this time he formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—the sword and mantle of Muhammad—to Ottoman sultan Selim I. This story does not appear in the literature unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil III
Al-Mutawakkil III () (died 1543) was the seventeenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate from 1508 to 1516, and again in 1517. Life He was the last caliph of the later Egyptian-based Caliphate. Since the Mongol sack of Baghdad and the execution of Caliph Al-Musta'sim in 1258, these Cairene Caliphs had resided in Cairo as nominal rulers used to legitimize the actual rule of the Mamluk sultans. Al-Mutawakkil III was deposed briefly in 1516 by his predecessor Al-Mustamsik, but was restored to the office the following year. In 1517, Ottoman Sultan Selim I had managed to defeat the Mamluk Sultanate, and made Egypt part of the Ottoman Empire. Al-Mutawakkil III was captured together with his family and transported to Constantinople. According to traditional history, at this time he formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—the sword and mantle of Muhammad—to Ottoman sultan Selim I. This story does not appear in the literature unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Caliph
The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The family came to power in the Abbasid Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate. They were the rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate, as well as the generally recognized ecumenical heads of Islam, until the 10th century, when the Shi'a Fatimid Caliphate (established in 909) and the Caliphate of Córdoba (established in 929) challenged their primacy. The political decline of the Abbasids had begun earlier, during the Anarchy at Samarra (861–870), which accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous dynasties. The caliphs lost their temporal power in 936–946, first to a series of military strongmen, and then to the Shi'a Buyid Emirs that seized control of Baghdad; the Buyids were in turn replaced by the Sunni Seljuk Turks i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil II
Al-Mutawakkil II (), (1416 – 27 September 1497) was the fifteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1479 and 1497. His father, Ya'qub, was son of Al-Mutawakkil I. Life His name was ''Abdul Aziz ibn Ya`qub ibn Muhammad''. Al-Mutawakkil II and his mother is called ''Haji Malik'', the daughter of one of the soldiers. He was loved between the private and the public because of the excellence of literature, ethics and humility, and a screen for each one. When his uncle became ill, and his illness was entrusted to him after the office, when he died on the sixteenth of Muharram of 884. In 885 the prince led a campaign to the Turkmen. He met with the Emir of the State (the White Shah), defeated the Mamluks, captured the Yishpak and was killed on the shore of the Euphrates River. Then the Sultan "Qaitbay" reconciled with the Emirate (the White Shah). He was succeeded by al-Mustamsik Al-Mustamsik (), (died 1521) was the sixteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil II
Al-Mutawakkil II (), (1416 – 27 September 1497) was the fifteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1479 and 1497. His father, Ya'qub, was son of Al-Mutawakkil I. Life His name was ''Abdul Aziz ibn Ya`qub ibn Muhammad''. Al-Mutawakkil II and his mother is called ''Haji Malik'', the daughter of one of the soldiers. He was loved between the private and the public because of the excellence of literature, ethics and humility, and a screen for each one. When his uncle became ill, and his illness was entrusted to him after the office, when he died on the sixteenth of Muharram of 884. In 885 the prince led a campaign to the Turkmen. He met with the Emir of the State (the White Shah), defeated the Mamluks, captured the Yishpak and was killed on the shore of the Euphrates River. Then the Sultan "Qaitbay" reconciled with the Emirate (the White Shah). He was succeeded by al-Mustamsik Al-Mustamsik (), (died 1521) was the sixteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th-century Abbasid Caliphs
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 ( MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 ( MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of Western civilization and the Islamic gunpowder empires. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
