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Agreement Of The Catalans
Agreement of the Catalans ( ca, Entesa dels Catalans) was a Catalan electoral alliance formed by the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C), the Catalan Socialist Federation (FSC), the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) and the Left of Catalonia platform—supported by the still-illegal Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC) and Catalan State (EC)—to contest the 1977 Spanish Senate election. Securing 12 out of the 16 Catalan senators at stake, the alliance's performance has been considered a historical success. The alliance broke up on 15 January 1979, shortly before the 1979 general election. History The alliance had its roots in a proposal made in December 1976 by Joan Reventós, secretary-general of the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C), for a broad "Catalan agreement" ( ca, entesa catalana) of Catalanist parties to ensure a strong Catalan presence in the first democratically elected parliament and cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josep Benet I Morell
Josep Benet i Morell (Cervera, April 14, 1920 - Sant Cugat del Vallès, March 24, 2008) was a Catalan politician, historian and publisher. Educated at the Escolania de Montserrat, from a very young age he participated in the Catalan nationalist movement and belonged to the Federation of Young Christians of Catalonia. One of the most prominent figures of political Catalanism in the XXth Century. As a parliamentarian, he was a member of the Committee of Twenty that drew up the preliminary draft of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia ( ca, Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya; also Statute of Sau, ''Estatut de Sau'', after the location where the statute was first made) is a constitutional law defining the region of Catalonia as an autonomous co .... Books * 1964: ''Maragall i la Setmana Trà gica'', * 1968: ''El Doctor Torras i Bages en el marc del seu temps'' * 1973: ''Catalunya sota el règim franquista'' * 1990: ''Exili i mort del preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Spanish General Election
The 1977 Spanish general election was held on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the Spanish Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate. It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was called by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez as part of the political reform of the Francoist regime, ongoing since shortly after Francisco Franco's death in 1975 and promoted by his successor, King Juan Carlos I. Its aim was to elect a Constituent Cortes that was to draft a new constitution, which would ultimately lead to the repealing of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and the culmination of the country's transition to democracy. The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the electoral coalition created to serve as Suárez's political platform in government, emerged as the largest party overall, albeit 11 seats short of an absolute majority. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Union Of Catalonia
The Democratic Union of Catalonia ( ca, Unió Democrà tica de Catalunya; , UDC), frequently shortened as Union ( ca, Unió; ), was a regionalist, Christian-democratic political party in the Catalonia region of Spain existing between 1931 and 2017. Together with Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), they formed the Convergence and Union (CiU) alliance and federation from 1978 until its dissolution in 2015, under which they would rule the government of Catalonia for almost three decades during the recent Spanish democratic period. It described itself as Catalan nationalist and Christian-democratic and was a member of the European People's Party (EPP). It advocated for centrist and moderate Catalanism without explicitly renouncing independence, aiming for the constitution of a confederal state in Spain made up of sovereign entities (including Catalonia) that could become independent but rejecting unilateralism as a viable political philosophy. After the breakup of CiU, a party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Federation Of The PSOE
Catalan Federation of the PSOE or Catalan Socialist Federation ( ca, Federació Catalana del PSOE, FSC) was a political party in Catalonia, Spain. The FSC first groups emerged between 1880 and 1882. History In 1888, the FSC promoted the creation of the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) in Barcelona. Later, well into the twentieth century, in 1908, Antoni Badia and Antoni Badia (??) participated in the establishment of the "Regional Confederation of Societies of Solidarity - Workers Solidarity". The leaders and members of the Federation actively participated in the general strike of 1909 in Barcelona, known as the Tragic Week. The subsequent repression left the party disorganized; but the FSC emerged with new impetus at the end of next year (1910) with the appointment of Josep Recasens as its Secretary General. In 1923 the FSC suffered a split, that collaborated with Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, the Socialist Union of Catalonia. in 1933 the FSC participated in the formati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (Spain, 1976)
People's Party ( es, Partido Popular; PP) was a Spanish liberal conservative political party, founded in 1976. The leaders of the PP were PÃo Cabanillas Gallas and José MarÃa de Areilza. History The party was founded through the merge of 7 regional parties: * Extremaduran People's Party: led by RodrÃguez Requera and Luis Ramallo GarcÃa. * People's Party of Catalonia * Valencian Regional Autonomist People's Party: led by Emilio Attard Alonso, J. Aguirre de la Hoz and J. R. Pin Arboledas. * People's Party of Ourense: led by Eulogio Gómez Franqueira, E. Reverter, J. A. Trillo, J. Quiroga Suárez y J. RodrÃguez Reza. * Aragonese People's Party: led by León J. Buil and César Escribano. * Alicantine Autonomous People's party: led by J. MarÃa Pérez Hikman, Antonio Espinosa and Ramón Sancho. * Balearic People's Party: led by R. Ciar Garau and Francisco Gari. The majority of the members of the party were members of the reformist wing of the Francoist Regime, that wanted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of Catalonia–Regrouping
Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping ( ca, Partit Socialista de Catalunya–Reagrupament, PSC–R) was a political party in Catalonia, Spain. The PSC–R was founded in 1976 as a continuation of the Socialist and Democratic Regrouping of Catalonia. History Its first secretary was Josep Pallach i Carolà . In the General Elections of 1977 PSC–R stood on joint lists with Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), Democratic Left of Catalonia and the National Front of Catalonia as the Democratic Pact for Catalonia. The lists obtained the 16.68%% of the votes and 11 seats, 4 of them to the PSC-R. In 1978 PSC–R merged with the Catalan Federation of the PSOE and the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress, forming the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC). See also *Socialists' Party of Catalonia *Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia *List of political parties in Catalonia This article lists political parties in Catalonia represented in Parliament, their ideologies, leaders, nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Deputies
The Congress of Deputies ( es, link=no, Congreso de los Diputados, italic=unset) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. It has 350 members elected by constituency, constituencies (matching fifty Provinces of Spain, Spanish provinces and two Autonomous cities of Spain, autonomous cities) by closed list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method. Deputies serve four-year terms. The presiding officer is the President of the Congress of Deputies, who is elected by the members thereof. It is the analogue to a speaker. In the Congress, MPs from the List of political parties in Spain, political parties, or groups of parties, form Parliamentary group (Spain), parliamentary groups. Groups must be formed by at least 15 deputies, but a group can also be formed with only five deputies if the parties got at least 5% of the nationwide vote, or 15% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Senate
The Senate ( es, Senado) is the upper house of the Cortes Generales, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid. The composition of the Senate is established in Part III of the Spanish Constitution. The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a province, an autonomous city or an autonomous community. Each mainland province, regardless of its population size, is equally represented by four senators; in the insular provinces, the big islands are represented by three senators and the minor islands are represented by a single senator. Likewise, the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla elect two senators each. This direct election results in the election of 208 senators by the citizens. In addition, the regional legislatures also designate their own representatives, one senator for each autonomous community and another for every million r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalitat De Catalunya
The Generalitat de Catalunya (; oc, label=Aranese, Generalitat de Catalonha; es, Generalidad de Cataluña), or the Government of Catalonia, is the institutional system by which Catalonia politically organizes its self-government. It is formed by the Parliament of Catalonia, the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Executive Council of Catalonia (also very often referred to as ''Govern'', "Government"). Its origins are in the 13th century when permanent councils of deputies (deputations) were created to rule administration of the Courts of the different realms that formed the Crown of Aragon which gave birth to the Deputation of the General of the Principality of Catalonia (1359), the Deputation of the General of the Kingdom of Aragon (1362) and the Deputation of the General of the Kingdom of Valencia (1412). The modern Generalitat was established in 1931, as the institution of self-government of Catalonia within the Spanish Republic. Remaining in exile after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statute Of Autonomy Of Catalonia Of 1932
The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932, also called the Statute of Núria, was the first implemented statute of autonomy for Catalonia, officially providing self-government to Catalonia for the first time in more than 200 years. The Statute was promoted by the then acting President of the Generalitat, Francesc Macià and approved in a referendum by 99% of Catalan voters. The draft Statute was completed on 20 June 1931 in Núria (Ripollès, Girona) and finally approved in the Spanish Parliament on 9 September 1932. It was implemented until the occupation of Catalonia by the Nationalist Army during the last stages of the Spanish Civil War, in 1939. Historical background The local elections of 12 April 1931 represented good results for leftist and republican parties and the establishment of the Spanish Republic. In Catalonia, the newly formed party Republican Left of Catalonia (Catalan: ''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya'', ERC), won a landslide victory. This fact led its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoism
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During this time period, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule to the whole country and the exile of Republican institutions. The Francoist dictatorsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalanist
Catalan nationalism is the ideology asserting that the Catalans are a distinct nation. Intellectually, modern Catalan nationalism can be said to have commenced as a political philosophy in the unsuccessful attempts to establish a federal state in Spain in the context of the First Republic (1873-1874). Valentà Almirall i Llozer and other intellectuals that participated in this process set up a new political ideology in the 19th century, to restore self-government, as well as to obtain recognition for the Catalan language. These demands were summarized in the so-called ''Bases de Manresa'' in 1892. It met very little support at first. But after the Spanish–American War in which the United States invaded and annexed the last of the Spanish colonies, these early stages of Catalanism grew in support, mostly because of the weakened Spanish international position after the war and the loss of the two main destinations for Catalan exports (Cuba and Puerto Rico). The origins of Cata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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