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Adipostatin A
Adipostatin A is an alkylresorcinol, a type of phenolic lipids composed of long aliphatic chains and phenolic rings. Chemically, it is similar in structure to urushiol, the irritant found in poison ivy. Adipostatin A can be found in ''Gingko biloba'' fruits as well as in ''Streptomyces cyaneus''. It is also found in cashew nutshell liquid (''Anacardium occidentale''), in ''Anacardium othonianum'' and in ''Ardisia elliptica''. It is an inhibitor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ''sn''-Glycerol 3-phosphate is the organic ion with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPO32-. It is one of three stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO32-) and glycerol. It is a component of glycerophospholipids. Equally appropriat .... References Alkylresorcinols {{phenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkylresorcinol
Alkylresorcinols, also known as resorcinolic lipids, are phenolic lipids composed of long aliphatic chains and resorcinol-type phenolic rings. Natural sources of alkylresorcinols Alkylresorcinols are relatively rare in nature, with the main known sources being wheat, rye, barley, triticale (cereal grasses), quinoa, the fruit of ''Ginkgo biloba'' Bilobol, a mollusc and some species of bacteria. DB-2073 is an antibiotic isolated from the broth culture of ''Pseudomonas'' sp. They are also the main constituents of the outer shell of the cyst of ''Azotobacter''. Occurrence in cereals Alkylresorcinols are present in high amounts in the bran layer (e.g. pericarp, testa and aleurone layers) of wheat and rye (0.1-0.3 % of dry weight). 5-Alkylresorcinols can also be found in rice, though not in the edible parts of the rice plant. They are only present in very low amounts in the endosperm (the part of cereal grain that is used to make white flour), which means that alkylresorcinols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Phenol
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research. Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Classification Various classification schemes can be applied. A commonly used scheme is based on the number of carbons and was devised by Jeffrey Harborne and Simmonds in 1964 and published in 1980: C6-C7-C6 Diarylheptanoids are not included in this Harborne classification. They can also be classified on the basis of their number of phenol groups. They can therefore be called ''simple phenols'' or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries, and in nanotechnology. Lipids may be broadly defined as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment. Biological lipids originate entirely or in part from two distinct types of biochemical subunits or "building-blocks": ketoacyl and isoprene groups. Using this approach, lipids may be divided into eight categories: fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urushiol
Urushiol is an oily mixture of organic compounds with allergenic properties found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, especially ''Toxicodendron'' ''spp.'' (e.g., poison oak, Chinese lacquer tree, poison ivy, poison sumac), ''Comocladia spp.'' (maidenplums), ''Metopium spp''. (poisonwood), and also in parts of the mango tree as well as the fruit of the cashew tree. In most individuals, urushiol causes an allergic skin rash on contact, known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. The name urushiol is derived from the Japanese word for the lacquer tree, . The oxidation and polymerization of urushiol in the tree's sap in the presence of moisture allows it to form a hard lacquer, which is used to produce traditional Chinese, Korean and Japanese lacquerware. History Although urushiol-containing lacquers and their skin-irritating properties were well known in East Asia for several millennia, its first recorded Western texts were in 1624 by John Smith and he initially likene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gingko Biloba
''Ginkgo biloba'', commonly known as ginkgo or gingko ( ), also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of tree native to China. It is the last living species in the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million years ago. Fossils very similar to the living species, belonging to the genus ''Ginkgo'', extend back to the Middle Jurassic approximately 170 million years ago. The tree was cultivated early in human history and remains commonly planted. Ginkgo leaf extract is commonly used as a dietary supplement, but there is no scientific evidence that it supports human health or is effective against any disease. Etymology The genus name is regarded as a misspelling of the Japanese pronunciation ''gin kyo'' for the kanji 銀杏 meaning "silver apricot", which is found in Chinese herbology literature such as (Daily Use Materia Medica) (1329) and ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in 1578.T. Hori, A historical survey of Ginkgo biloba based on Japanese and Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptomyces Cyaneus
''Streptomyces cyaneus'' is an actinobacterium species in the genus '' Streptomyces''. ''S. cyaneus'' produces the alkylresorcinol adipostatin A (cardol). It also produces a chitinase A able to produce protoplasts from ''Schizophyllum commune ''Schizophyllum commune'' is a species of fungus in the genus ''Schizophyllum''. The mushroom resembles undulating waves of tightly packed corals or loose Chinese fan. "Gillies" or "split gills" vary from creamy yellow to pale white in colour. Th ...'' cultured mycelia. References External links Type strain of ''Streptomyces cyaneus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase cyaneus Bacteria described in 1941 {{Streptomyces-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cashew Nutshell Liquid
The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus ''Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to , prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. The cashew seed is commonly considered a snack nut (cashew nut) eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. Like the tree, the nut is often simply called a cashew. Cashew allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India as the leading producers. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, start ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anacardium Othonianum
''Anacardium othonianum'' is a tree native from the tropical savanna (''cerrado'') region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree ('' A. occidentale'') of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name ''cajuí'', and by the Portuguese names ''caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado'' ("tree cashew of the cerrado"), ''caju-vermelho-de-goiás'' ("red cashew from Goiás"),Julio S. Inglez de Souza, Aristeu Mendes Peixoto, Francisco Ferraz de Toledo () ''Enciclopédia Agrícola Brasileira'', volume 2, p.76 ''cajuzinho-do-cerrado'' or just ''cajuzinho'' ("little cashew").Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa, Juliana Pereira Faria, Ronaldo Veloso Naves, and Roberto Fontes Vieira (2006), Cajus do Cerrado'. Chapter 8 of R. F. Vieira el al., eds. (2006) Futas Nativas da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil'. EMBRAPA. The species name honors Brazilian botanist Othon Xavier de Brito Machado. Description and habitat The tree grows wild in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardisia Elliptica
''Ardisia elliptica'' is an evergreen tree, also known as the shoebutton ardisia, duck's eye and coralberry, native to the west coast of India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea. It is a prolific reproducer which has made it a successful invasive species in other locations in the tropics where it has been introduced as a garden ornamental. Description ''Ardisia elliptica'' is a tropical understory shrub that can reach heights of up 5 meters. Undamaged plants in forest habitats are characterized by a single stem, producing short, perpendicular branches. Leaves are elliptic to elliptic-obovate, entire, leathery and alternate. Umbellate inflorescences develop in leaf axils of branch leaves. Petals are light pink. Fruits are drupes that first turn red as they mature and then deep purple / black. Pulp staining fingers a deep purple. Seeds are approximately spherical with a diameter of about 5 mm. Status '' Ardisia solanacea'' and '' Ardisia humilis'' are co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.The basic Google book link is found at: https://books.google.com/ . The "advanced" interface allowing more specific searches is found at: https://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Books are provided either by publishers and authors through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Google's library partners through the Library Project. Additionally, Google has partnered with a number of magazine publishers to digitize their archives. The Publisher Program was first known as Google Print when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004. The Google Books Library Project, which scans works in the collections of library partners and adds them to the digital invent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
''sn''-Glycerol 3-phosphate is the organic ion with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPO32-. It is one of three stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO32-) and glycerol. It is a component of glycerophospholipids. Equally appropriate names in biochemical context include glycerol-3-phosphate, 3-''O''-phosphonoglycerol, 3-phosphoglycerol; and Gro3P. From a historical reason, it is also known as -glycerol 3-phosphate, -glycerol 1-phosphate, -α-glycerophosphoric acid. Biosynthesis Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized by reducing dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), an intermediate in glycolysis. The reduction is catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP and thus glycerol 3-phosphate can also be synthesized from amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates via the glyceroneogenesis pathway. : + NAD(P)H + H+ → + NAD(P)+ It is also synthesized by the phosphorylation of glycerol, which is generated by hydrolysis of fats. This esterification is catalyzed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
