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Adelpha Cocala
''Adelpha cocala'', the cocala sister or orange-washed sister, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found from Honduras to Panama, Guatemala, Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. The wingspan is about 50 mm. The larvae feed on ''Pentagonia'', ''Psychotria'', ''Calycophyllum'', ''Chomelia'', ''Uncaria'' and ''Genipa ''Genipa'' is a genus of trees in the family Rubiaceae. This genus is native to the American tropical forests. Description Tall trees, without any spines, prickles or thorns; with large opposite leaves of almost leathery texture, smooth or hai ...'' species. Subspecies *''Adelpha cocala cocala'' (Venezuela, Colombia, Surinam, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil: Mato Grosso) *''Adelpha cocala caninia'' Fruhstorfer, 1915 (Brazil: Santa Catarina, São Paulo) *''Adelpha cocala didia'' Fruhstorfer, 1915 (Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro) *''Adelpha cocala lorzae'' (Boisduval, 1870) (Honduras to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieter Cramer
Pieter Cramer (21 May 1721 (baptized) – 28 September 1776), was a wealthy Dutch merchant in linen and Spanish wool, remembered as an entomologist. Cramer was the director of the Zealand Society, a scientific society located in Flushing, and a member of ''Concordia et Libertate'', based in Amsterdam. This literary and patriotic society, where Cramer gave lectures on minerals, commissioned and/or financed the publishing of his book ''De uitlandsche Kapellen'', on foreign (exotic) butterflies, occurring in three parts of the world Asia, Africa and America. Cramer assembled an extensive natural history collection that included seashells, petrifications, fossils and insects of all orders. Many were colourful butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), collected in countries where the Dutch had colonial or trading links, such as Surinam, Ceylon, Sierra Leone and the Dutch East Indies. Cramer decided to get a permanent record of his collection and so engaged the painter Gerrit Wartenaar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stood at and owned one of the largest wingspans at . Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design and anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fauna Of Brazil
The wildlife of Brazil comprises all naturally occurring animals, plants, and fungus, fungi in the South American country. Home to 60% of the Amazon Rainforest, which accounts for approximately one-tenth of all species in the world, Brazil is considered to have the greatest biodiversity of any country on the planet. It has the most known species of plants (55,000), freshwater fish (3,000), and mammals (over 689). It also ranks third on the list of countries with the most bird species (1,832) and second with the most reptile species (744). The number of fungal species is unknown but is large.Da Silva, M. and D.W. Minter. 1995. ''Fungi from Brazil recorded by Batista and Co-workers''. Mycological Papers 169. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 585 pp. Approximately two-thirds of all species worldwide are found in tropical areas, often coinciding with developing country, developing countries such as Brazil. Brazil is second only to Indonesia a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelpha
''Adelpha'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies found from the southern United States and Mexico to South America. They are commonly known as sisters, due to the white markings on their wings, which resemble a nun's habit. This genus is sometimes included with the admiral butterflies (''Limenitis''). Species Listed alphabetically within species group:Jeffrey Glassberg (2007). ''A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America''. Sunstreak Books Inc. . pp.97-101. The ''alala'' species group: *'' Adelpha alala'' (Hewitson, 1847) – Alala sister *''Adelpha aricia'' (Hewitson, 1847) *'' Adelpha corcyra'' (Hewitson, 1847) *'' Adelpha donysa'' (Hewitson, 1847) – montane sister *'' Adelpha pithys'' (Bates, 1864) – pithys sister *'' Adelpha tracta'' (Butler, 1872) – tracta sister The ''capucinus'' species group: *'' Adelpha barnesia'' Schaus, 1902 – Barnes' sister *'' Adelpha capucinus'' (Walch, 1775) – capycinus sister *'' Adelpha epizygis'' Fruhstorfer, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1779
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genipa
''Genipa'' is a genus of trees in the family Rubiaceae. This genus is native to the American tropical forests. Description Tall trees, without any spines, prickles or thorns; with large opposite leaves of almost leathery texture, smooth or hairy. Presence of interpetiolar stipules, triangle-shaped. The large flowers are arranged in terminal cymes; the calyx is tubular, while the corolla can be trumpet-shaped or short-cylindrical, with 5-6 lobes. The stamens are located at the top of the corolla. The fruit is an almost globose or ovoid berry, smooth, fleshy, with a thick rind. The seeds are large and flat. Taxonomy The species from Madagascar, originally described by Drake, do not belong to the Rubiaceae tribe Gardenieae like the New World ''Genipa'' species, but in the tribe Octotropideae. Those species were transferred to the genus '' Hyperacanthus''. ''Genipa spruceana'' is considered doubtfully distinct from ''Genipa americana''. Species currently recognized in ''Genipa' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncaria
''Uncaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 40 species.''Uncaria'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). Their distribution is pantropical, with most species native to tropical Asia, three from Africa and the Mediterranean and two from the neotropics.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. They are known colloquially as gambier, cat's claw or uña de gato. The latter two names are shared with several other plants. The type species for the genus is ''Uncaria guianensis''.''Uncaria'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international communication of research between botanists, and oversee matters of uniformity and ... (see ''External links'' below). Indonesian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chomelia
''Chomelia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and much of South America as far south as Argentina. Species *''Chomelia albicaulis'' ( Rusby) Steyerm. - Bolivia *''Chomelia anisomeris'' Müll.Arg. - eastern Brazil *''Chomelia apodantha'' (Standl.) Steyerm. - Bolivia *''Chomelia bahiae'' J.H.Kirkbr. - Bahia *''Chomelia barbata'' Standl. - Mexico *''Chomelia barbinervis'' Moric. ex Benth. - northern and southeastern Brazil *''Chomelia bella'' (Standl.) Steyerm. - southeastern Brazil *''Chomelia boliviana'' Standl. - Bolivia *''Chomelia brachypoda'' Donn.Sm. - Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras *'' Chomelia brasiliana'' A.Rich. - Brazil *''Chomelia breedlovei'' Borhidi - Chiapas *'' Chomelia brevicornu'' Rusby - Bolivia, Peru *'' Chomelia caurensis'' (Standl.) Steyerm. - Bolívar (state) *'' Chomelia chiquitensis'' C.M.Taylor - Santa Cruz *''Chomelia costaricensis'' C.M.Taylor - Costa Rica *'' Chomelia c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calycophyllum
''Calycophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It was described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1830. The genus is found from Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies. Species * ''Calycophyllum candidissimum'' (Martin Vahl, Vahl) Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, DC. common names: lemonwood, digame lancewood - Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Belize, Central America, Cuba, Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia * ''Calycophyllum intonsum'' Julian Alfred Steyermark, Steyerm. - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil * ''Calycophyllum megistocaulum'' (Kurt Krause, K.Krause) C.M.Taylor - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil * ''Calycophyllum merumense'' Julian Alfred Steyermark, Steyerm. - Guyana * ''Calycophyllum multiflorum'' August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach, Griseb. - Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay * ''Calycophyllum obovatum'' (Adolpho Ducke, Ducke) Adolpho Ducke, Ducke - Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil * ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychotria
''Psychotria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific. Many species, including ''Psychotria viridis'', produce the psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Selected species * '' Psychotria abdita'' * '' Psychotria acutiflora'' * '' Psychotria adamsonii'' * '' Psychotria alsophila'' * '' Psychotria angustata'' * '' Psychotria atricaulis'' * ''Psychotria beddomei'' * '' Psychotria bimbiensis'' * '' Psychotria bryonicola'' * '' Psychotria camerunensis'' * '' Psychotria capensis'' * '' Psychotria carronis'' * '' Psychotria carthagenensis'' * '' Psychotria cathetoneura'' * '' Psychotria cernua' * '' Psychotria chalconeura'' * '' Psychot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagonia (plant)
''Pentagonia'' is a genus of over 40 species of plants in the Coffee or Gardenia family ( Rubiaceae}. ''Pentagonia'' species are native to Central America and northern South America, and grow in moist tropical forests below 900m. The genus was first described by George Bentham in 1845. The genus is noteworthy for its opposite pairs of huge leaves in a variety of shapes including entire, shallowly or deeply lobed, and even pinnate. These leaves can, in the case of a recently discovered species, be up to four feet (1.2 meters) long not including the six inch (15 cm) petiole, and up to 2.5 feet (76 centimeters) in width. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: *'' Pentagonia amazonica'' (Ducke) L.Andersson & Rova *'' Pentagonia angustifolia'' C.M.Taylor *'' Pentagonia australis'' C.M.Taylor & Janovec *'' Pentagonia baumannii'' Cornejo & Rova *'' Pentagonia bocataurensis'' Dwyer *'' Pentagonia bonifaziana'' Cornejo *'' Pentagonia breviloba'' L.Ande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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