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Abuse Reporting Format
The Abuse Reporting Format (ARF) also known as the Messaging Abuse Reporting Format (MARF) is a standard format for reporting spam via email. History A draft describing a standard format for feedback loop (FBL) reports was posted by Yakov Shafranovich in April 2005 and evolved to the current . AOL, who pioneered the field in 2003, initially used a different format, and converted to this ''de facto'' standard in 2008. Feedback loops don't ''have'' to use ARF, but most do. In January 2010, the IETF chartered a new working group working towards the goal of standardizing the ARF format. The WG was called Messaging Abuse Reporting Format WG or MARF, which produced . In 2012 it was extended by and to define ''Failure Reports'', for reporting email authentication failures. In 2015, the latter report type was further extended by to define DMARC's Failure Reports. Purpose The ARF format is designed to be extensible, providing for generic spam reporting, e.g. from users to some anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakov Shafranovich
Yakov (alternative spellings: Jakov or Iakov, cyrl, Яков) is a Russian or Hebrew variant of the given names Jacob (name), Jacob and James (name), James. People also give the nickname Yasha ( cyrl, Яша) or Yashka ( cyrl, Яшка) used for Yakov. Notable people People named Yakov * Yakov Blumkin (1900–1929), a Left Socialist-Revolutionary * Yakov Cherevichenko (1894–1976), Soviet military leader * Yakov Chubin (1893–1956), Soviet official * Yakov Dzhugashvili (1907–1943), the oldest son of Joseph Stalin * Yakov Eliashberg (born 1946), American mathematician * Yakov Ehrlich (born 1988), former Russian football player * Yakov Eshpay (1890–1963), Soviet composer * Yakov Estrin (1923–1987), Soviet chess player * Yakov Fedorenko (1896–1947), Soviet military leader * Yakov Frenkel (1894–1952), Soviet physicist * Yakov Fliyer (1912–1977), Soviet pianist * Yakov Gakkel (1901–1965), Soviet oceanographer * Yan Gamarnik, Yakov "Yan" Gamarnik (1894–1937), Soviet off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Levine
John R. Levine is an Internet author and consultant specializing in email infrastructure, spam filtering, and software patents. He chaired the Anti-Spam Research Group ( ASRG) of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), is president of CAUCE (the Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email), is a member of the ICANN (Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers) Stability and Security Advisory Committee, and runs Taughannock Networks. He has co-authored many books, including '' The Internet For Dummies'' (with Carol Baroudi and Margaret Levine Young), ''UNIX For Dummies'' (with Margaret Levine Young), ''Fighting Spam for Dummies'' (with Margaret Levine Young, Ray Everett-Church), and ''flex & bison'' (O'Reilly). He was also the mayor of the village of Trumansburg, New York, United States from March 2004 until March 2007. Levine graduated from Yale University in 1975 and earned his Ph.D. in computer science from Yale in 1984 with a thesis about the design and imple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IETF
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet and is responsible for the technical standards that make up the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors. The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an international non-profit organization. Organization The IETF is organized into a large number of working groups and birds of a feather informal discussion groups, each dealing with a specific topic. The IETF operates in a bottom-up task creation mode, largely driven by these working groups. Each working group has an appointed chairperson (or sometimes several co-chairs); a charter that describes its focus; and what it is expected to produce, and when. It is open to all who want to particip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email Authentication
Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message. The original base of Internet email, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), has no such feature, so forged sender addresses in emails (a practice known as email spoofing) have been widely used in phishing, email spam, and various types of fraud. To combat this, many competing email authentication proposals have been developed, but only fairly recently have three been widely adopted – SPF, DKIM and DMARC. The results of such validation can be used in automated email filtering, or can assist recipients when selecting an appropriate action. This article does not cover user authentication of email submission and retrieval. Rationale In the early 1980s, when Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) was design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DMARC
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) is an email authentication protocol. It is designed to give email domain owners the ability to protect their domain from unauthorized use, commonly known as email spoofing. The purpose and primary outcome of implementing DMARC is to protect a domain from being used in business email compromise attacks, phishing email, email scams and other cyber threat activities. Once the DMARC DNS entry is published, any receiving email server can authenticate the incoming email based on the instructions published by the domain owner within the DNS entry. If the email passes the authentication, it will be delivered and can be trusted. If the email fails the check, depending on the instructions held within the DMARC record the email could be delivered, quarantined or rejected. For example, one email forwarding service delivers the mail, but as "From: no-reply@". DMARC extends two existing email authentication mechanisms, Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opt In E-mail
Opt-in email is a term used when someone is not initially added to an emailing list and is instead given the option to join the emailing list. Typically, this is some sort of mailing list, newsletter, or advertising. Opt-out emails do not ask for permission to send emails, these emails are typically criticized as unsolicited bulk emails, better known as spam. Forms There are several common forms of opt-in email: Unconfirmed opt-in/single opt-in Someone first gives an email address to the list software (for instance, on a Web page), but no steps are taken to make sure that this address belongs to the person submitting it. This can cause email from the mailing list to be considered spam because simple typos of the email address can cause the email to be sent to someone else. Malicious subscriptions are also possible, as are subscriptions that are due to spammers forging email addresses that are sent to the email address used to subscribe to the mailing list. Confirmed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is an Internet standard that extends the format of email messages to support text in character sets other than ASCII, as well as attachments of audio, video, images, and application programs. Message bodies may consist of multiple parts, and header information may be specified in non-ASCII character sets. Email messages with MIME formatting are typically transmitted with standard protocols, such as the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), the Post Office Protocol (POP), and the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP). The MIME standard is specified in a series of requests for comments: , , , , and . The integration with SMTP email is specified in and . Although the MIME formalism was designed mainly for SMTP, its content types are also important in other communication protocols. In the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for the World Wide Web, servers insert a MIME header field at the beginning of any Web transmission. Clients ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bounce Message
A bounce message or just "bounce" is an automated message from an email system, informing the sender of a previous message that the message has not been delivered (or some other delivery problem occurred). The original message is said to have "bounced". This feedback may be immediate (some of the causes described here) or, if the sending system can retry, may arrive days later after these retries end. More formal terms for bounce message include "Non-Delivery Report" or "Non-Delivery Receipt" (NDR), ailed"Delivery Status Notification" (DSN) message, or a "Non-Delivery Notification" (NDN). Classification Although the SMTP is a mature technology, counting more than thirty years, the architecture is increasingly strained by both normal and unsolicited load. The email systems have been enhanced with reputation systems tied to the actual sender of the email, with the idea of recipient's email servers rejecting email when a forged sender is used in the protocol. Therefore, two types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a standards organization that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet numbers. Currently it is a function of ICANN, a nonprofit private American corporation established in 1998 primarily for this purpose under a United States Department of Commerce contract. ICANN managed IANA directly from 1998 through 2016, when it was transferred to Public Technical Identifiers (PTI), an affiliate of ICANN that operates IANA today. Before it, IANA was administered principally by Jon Postel at the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of the University of Southern California (USC) situated at Marina Del Rey (Los Angeles), under a contract USC/ISI had with the United States Department of Defense. In addition, five regional Internet registries delegate number resources to their custo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IP Address
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.. Updated by . An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification and location addressing. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was standardized in 1998. IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s. IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as in IPv4, and in IPv6. The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., , which is equivalent to the historically used subnet mask . The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
