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Abu Lu'lu'a
Abū Luʾluʾa Fīrūz ( ar, أبو لؤلؤة فيروز; from ), also known as Bābā Shujāʿ al-Dīn ( ar, بابا شجاع الدين, label=none), was a Sassanid Persian slave known for having assassinated Umar ibn al-Khattab (), the second Islamic caliph, in November 644. After having been captured in battle during the Arab-Muslim conquest of Persia, Abu Lu'lu'a was brought to Medina, the then-capital of the Rashidun Caliphate, which was normally off-limits to non-Arab captives. However, as a highly skilled craftsman, Abu Lu'lu'a was exceptionally allowed entrance into the city in order to work for the caliph. His motive for killing the caliph is not entirely clear, but medieval sources generally attribute it to a tax dispute. At one point, Abu Lu'lu'a is said to have asked the caliph to lift a tax imposed upon him by his Arab master, al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba. When Umar refused to lift the tax, Abu Lu'lu'a attacked him while he was leading the congregational prayer in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrine Of Abu Lu'lu'a
The Shrine of Abu Lu'lu'a is a mausoleum built over what is popularly believed to be the final resting place of Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz, a Persian slave who assassinated the second Islamic caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 644 CE. The structure was built by the Ilkhanid Mongols,; . and is located in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran. The historical Abu Lu'lu'a died in Medina (the capital of the early caliphate, situated in the Arabian Peninsula) shortly after his assassination of Umar in 644 CE. However, in later times legends arose according to which Abu Lu'lu'a was saved from his pursuers by Ali ibn Abi Talib (the cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad, who is also revered by Shi'ite Muslims as the first Imam). As these stories would have it, Ali instantaneously transported Abu Lu'lu'a by means of a special prayer to Kashan, where he married and lived out the rest of his life. During the 16th-century Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, a festival started to be celebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hira
Al-Hirah ( ar, الحيرة, translit=al-Ḥīra Middle Persian: ''Hērt'' ) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kufa in south-central Iraq. History Kingdom of the Lakhmids Al-Hirah was a significant city in pre-Islamic Arab history. Al-Hirah (4th-7th centuries) served as the capital of the Lakhmids, an Arab vassal kingdom of the Sasanian Empire, whom it helped in containing the nomadic Arabs to the south. The Lakhmid rulers of al-Hirah were recognized by Shapur II (309-379), the tenth Sasanian emperor. A particular Mār 'Abdīšo' was born in Maysan and moved to Ḥīrā after studying elsewhere under Mār 'Abdā. There he gained widespread respect as he built a monastery and lived a pious life. The Sasanian emperor Bahram V won the throne with support of al-Mundhir I ibn al-Nu'man, king of Ḥīrā, in 420. He was amazed and showed great respect as he encountered the saint near the village of Bēṯ 'Arbī on his way back from the imperial capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eid-e-Shuja'
Omar Koshan ( fa, عمرکشان, "the Killing of Umar"), also known as Jashn-e Hazrat-e Zahra ("Celebration of Fatima al-Zahra'") or Eid-e-Shuja' ("Feast of the Courageous One") is a yearly festival held by some Twelver Shi'i Muslims in Iran. Originally, the festival commemorated the assassination of the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (also spelled 'Omar', 583–644) by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz. In its current form, it begins on the 9th day of the month of of the Islamic year, and lasts until the 27th of the same month. It is a carnival-type of festival in which social roles are reversed and communal norms upturned. It generally functions as a more lighthearted counterpart of the passion plays during the mourning of Muharram, which commemorate the death of the prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680. First established in the 16th century during the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shi'i Islam, the festival was originally held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laqab
Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from the Arabic-speaking and also Muslim countries have not had given/ middle/family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arabic and Muslim worlds. Name structure ' The ' () is the given name, first name, or personal name; e.g. "Ahmad" or "Fatimah". Most Arabic names have meaning as ordinary adjectives and nouns, and are often aspirational of character. For example, ''Muhammad'' means 'Praiseworthy' and ''Ali'' means 'Exalted' or 'High'. The syntactic context will generally differentiate the name from the noun/adjective. However Arabic newspapers will occasionally place names in brackets, or quotation marks, to avoid confusion. Indeed, such is the popularity of the name ''Muhammad'' throughout parts of Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia, it is often represented by the abbreviation "Md.", "Mohd.", "Muhd.", or just "M.". In I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunya (Arabic)
A ''kunya'' ( ar, كُنية) is a teknonym in Arabic names, the name of an adult usually derived from their oldest child. A kunya is a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet, in theory referring to the bearer's first-born son or daughter. By extension, it may also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g. in a ''nom de guerre'' or a nickname, without literally referring to a son or a daughter. Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. A kunya is expressed by the use of ''Abu (Arabic term), abū'' (father) or ''Umm (given name), umm'' (mother) in a idafah, genitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world and the Islamic world more generally. General use ''Abu (Arabic term), Abū'' or ''Umm (given name), Umm'' precedes the son's or daughter's name, in a Iḍāfah, genitive construction (''ʼiḍāfa''). For example, the English Language, English equivalent would be to call ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transliteration
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or Latin → . For instance, for the Greek language, Modern Greek term "", which is usually Translation, translated as "Greece, Hellenic Republic", the usual transliteration to Latin script is , and the name for Russia in Cyrillic script, "", is Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic, usually transliterated as . Transliteration is not primarily concerned with representing the Phonetics, sounds of the original but rather with representing the characters, ideally accurately and unambiguously. Thus, in the Greek above example, is transliterated though it is pronounced , is transliterated though pronounced , and is transliterated , though it is pronounced (exactly li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pērōz
Firouz ( fa, فیروز; also spelled Farooz, Firuz, Pirooz, Firoz), Pirouz ( fa, پیروز, also spelled Pirooz, Piruz, Piroz), Feroz (Hindi/Urdu; also spelled Feroze, Phiroze), Fayrouz ( ar, فيروز), Phiroj, are masculine given names of Persian origin. It is ultimately derived from Middle Persian Pērōz (Inscriptional Pahlavi: , Book Pahlavi: ), meaning "victorious, triumphant or prosperous",MAcKENZIE, D. (n.d.). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 68). Oxford University Press. mentioned as Perozes () in Latin and Greek sources. Notable persons with the name include: People * Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz (d. 644), Persian slave who killed the second caliph Umar * Feroze Gandhi, an Indian politician and journalist * Firoz Khan, known as Arjun, Indian actor * Feroz Khan, an Indian actor, film editor, producer and director * Feroze Khan (field hockey), a field hockey player who represented British India in the Olympics * Feroz Abbasi, a British man held in extrajudicial detention in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omar Koshan
Omar Koshan ( fa, عمرکشان, "the Killing of Umar"), also known as Jashn-e Hazrat-e Zahra ("Celebration of Fatima al-Zahra'") or Eid-e-Shuja' ("Feast of the Courageous One") is a yearly festival held by some Twelver Shi'i Muslims in Iran. Originally, the festival commemorated the assassination of the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (also spelled 'Omar', 583–644) by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz. In its current form, it begins on the 9th day of the month of of the Islamic year, and lasts until the 27th of the same month. It is a carnival-type of festival in which social roles are reversed and communal norms upturned. It generally functions as a more lighthearted counterpart of the passion plays during the mourning of Muharram, which commemorate the death of the prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680. First established in the 16th century during the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shi'i Islam, the festival was originally held a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi'ites
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Muhammad's other companions (''ṣaḥāba'') at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunnī Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before his death and consider Abū Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful (''rāshidūn'') caliph after Muhammad. Adherents of Shīʿa Islam are called Shīʿa Muslims, Shīʿītes, or simply Shīʿa or Shia. Shīʿa Islam is based on a ''ḥadīth'' report concerning Muhammad's pronouncement at Ghadir Khumm.Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Sunnism
Anti-Sunnism is hatred of, prejudice against, discrimination against, persecution of, and violence against Sunni Muslims. Alternatively it has also been described as "Sunniphobia", which is the "Fear or hatred of Sunnism and Sunnites". The term "Wahhabi" has frequently been used to demonize lay Salafi Muslims. War on Terror Rhetoric Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab was a Sunni Muslim reformer of 18th century Arabia. The religious clergy of the Ottoman Empire considered him and his supporters to be heretics and apostates. They were labelled by the term "Wahhabi". During the 19th century, the British colonial government in India placed anti-colonial Sunni scholars on trial in what became known as the "Great Wahhabi Trials" to suppress an imagined "Wahhabi conspiracy". To be a Wahhabi is officially a crime in Russia. In Russian aligned Central Asian dictatorships, the term "Wahhabi" is used to refer to any unsanctioned religious activity. As a result, any Sunni Muslim, whether modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
