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Abdurrahman Wahid's 23 July 2001 Decree
President of Indonesia Decree of 23 July 2001 (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''Maklumat Presiden Republik Indonesia 23 Juli 2001'') was issued by the fourth President of Indonesia, Abdurrahman Wahid, at the climax of his standoff with the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and other sections of society, including the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). The decree ordered the disbandment of the upper and lower houses of the legislature, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and the People's Representative Council (DPR), a "return of sovereignty to the people" by holding a general election within a year, and the removal of all remnants of the New Order (Indonesia), New Order regime by disbanding the Golkar, Golkar Party. The legislature retaliated against Wahid's decree and immediately organised a special session of the MPR to impeachment, impeach Wahid on the very same day. Wahid's position was made more difficult by the refusal of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Abdurrahman Wahid - Indonesia
President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese full-size sedan * Studebaker President, a 1926–1942 American full-size sedan * VinFast President, a 2020–present Vietnamese mid-size SUV Film and television *''Præsidenten'', a 1919 Danish silent film directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer *The President (1928 film), ''The President'' (1928 film), a German silent drama *President (1937 film), ''President'' (1937 film), an Indian film *The President (1961 film), ''The President'' (1961 film) *The Presidents (film), ''The Presidents'' (film), a 2005 documentary *The President (2014 film), ''The President'' (2014 film) *The President (South Korean TV series), ''The President'' (South Korean TV series), a 2010 South Korean television series *The President (Palestinian TV series), ''The President'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Unity Cabinet
The National Unity Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Persatuan Nasional) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed after Wahid and Megawati were elected President and Vice President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Cabinet was originally designed to look after the interests of the various political parties and the Indonesian National Armed Forces but this notion quickly disappeared as Wahid's presidency began to break down. Members State Ministers *State Minister of Research and Technology: A. S. Hikam *State Minister of Cooperatives and Small to Medium Businesses: Zarkasih Nur *State Minister of Environment: Soni Keraf *State Minister of Regional Autonomy: Ryaas Rasyid *State Minister of Tourism and Arts: Hidayat Jaelani *State Minister of Investment and State Owned Enterprises: Laksamana Sukardi *State Minister of Youth and Sports: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Justice Of The Supreme Court Of Indonesia
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia ( id, Ketua Mahkamah Agung) is the head of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Election process The chief justice and his or her deputy is elected by the Supreme Court justices from among the members of the court. Sometimes the process is controversial and attracts public criticism. For example, in early 2012 rumours about vote buying were reported in the Jakarta press as speculation mounted about the arrangements underway for the selection of new chief justice to replace Harifin Tumpa, who retired as chief justice in March 2012. It was said to be "all-out competition" for the post of chief justice because of the influence that the position holds and it was rumoured that the competition might include payments. List of Chief Justices : See also * Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia The chief justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ( id, Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi) is the head of the Constitutional Cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megawati Sukarnoputri Presidential Election, 2001
Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth Vice President of Indonesia, vice president from 1999 to 2001. Megawati is Indonesia's first List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government, female president and the List of the first women heads of government and state in Muslim-majority countries, sixth woman to lead a Muslim world, Muslim-majority country. She is also the first Indonesian president and as of 2021 the only vice president to be born after Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945. After serving as vice president to Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati became president when Wahid was removed from office in 2001. She ran for re-election in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election, 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endriartono Sutarto
Endriartono Sutarto (born April 29, 1947) is a retired army general. He was the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces between 2002 and 2006. Before assuming the highest helm at the military, Endriartono has served some key positions in the Army, including the Army Chief of Staff (Oct 9, 2000 – June 4, 2002), the Army Deputy Chief of Staff and Commander of Indonesia Military School of Commander. Previously he also served as operation assistant to army's chief of general staff at the TNI Headquarters. When former president Suharto stepped down on May 21, Endriartono was his commander of presidential guard. Personal life His parents were Sutarto and Siti Sumarti Sutarto. Endriartono has three children, one daughter named Ratri Indrihapsari and two sons, Indra Gunawan Sutarto and M. Adi Prasantyo Sutarto, from his marriage with Andy Widayati. Military career Endriartono's military career soared during the administration of former president Abdurrahman “Gus Durâ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Indonesia
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia) is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges. Jurisdiction The Supreme Court is independent as of the third amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia. The Supreme Court has oversight over the high courts (''Pengadilan Tinggi'') and district courts (''Pengadilan Negeri''). There are about 68 high courts: 31 General Courts, 29 Religious Courts, 4 Administrative Courts and 4 Military Courts. There are around 250 district courts with additional district courts being created from time to time.In late 2011, the former chief justice of the Supreme Court, Harifin A. Tumpa, said that the Indonesian government could only aim to establish district courts in 400 of the nation's 530 provinces, regencies (''kabupaten'') and municipalities (''kotamadya''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Consultative Assembly Of The Republic Of Indonesia
The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Indonesia's political system. It is composed of the members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD). Before 2004, and the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the MPR was the highest governing body in Indonesia. In accordance with Law No. 16/1960, the assembly was formed after the general election in 1971. It was decided at that time that the membership of the Assembly would be twice that of the House. The 920 membership of MPR continued for the terms of 1977–1982 and 1982–1987. For the terms 1987–1992, 1992–1997, and 1997–1999 the MPR's membership became 1000. One hundred members were appointed representing delegations from groups as addition to the faction delegates of Karya Pembangunan (FKP), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (FPDI), Persatuan Pembangunan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kompas
''Kompas'' () is an Indonesian national newspaper from Jakarta which was founded on 28 June 1965. The paper is published by PT Kompas Media Nusantara, which is a part of Kompas Gramedia Group. Its head office is located at the Kompas Multimedia Towers, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta. The paper manages an online portal kompas.id, which contains updated news and the digital subscription version of the paper, while Kompas Gramedia also manages another editorially-separated portal kompas.com. Kompas daily is one of two newspapers in Indonesia audited by the International Federation of Audit Bureau of Circulations. History The paper was first suggested by General Ahmad Yani, then commander of the Indonesian Army, to Frans Seda, a government minister and leader of the Catholic Party. Yani encouraged Seda to publish a newspaper that was representative of the Catholic Party faction, in order to counter the communist propaganda spearheaded by the PKI. Seda sounded out the idea to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amien Rais
Muhammad Amien Rais (born 26 April 1944) is an Indonesian politician. He was one of the leaders of the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998. Amien Rais was the leader of Muhammadiyah, one of the two biggest Muslim organizations in Indonesia, from 1995 to 2000. He was the Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) from 1999 to 2004. During his chairmanship, the MPR passed a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. These amendments, among other things, established direct presidential elections, a presidential term limit (two terms), and the Constitutional Court. Childhood Amien Rais was born in Surakarta, Central Java, as the second child of Suhud Rais and Sudalmiyah. The couple were Muhammadiyah activists in Surakarta. Suhud Rais graduated from Muhammadiyah's Mualimin high school. He worked in Surakarta's religion affairs office. He also was a member of Muhammadiyah's Board of Education in the Surakarta chapter. Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Crisis
In political science, a constitutional crisis is a problem or conflict in the function of a government that the political constitution or other fundamental governing law is perceived to be unable to resolve. There are several variations to this definition. For instance, one describes it as the crisis that arises out of the failure, or at least a strong risk of failure, of a constitution to perform its central functions. The crisis may arise from a variety of possible causes. For example, a government may want to pass a law contrary to its constitution; the constitution may fail to provide a clear answer for a specific situation; the constitution may be clear but it may be politically infeasible to follow it; the government institutions themselves may falter or fail to live up to what the law prescribes them to be; or officials in the government may justify avoiding dealing with a serious problem based on narrow interpretations of the law. Specific examples include the South African ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyai
A kyai ( ) is an expert in Islam, usually used among the ethnic Javanese people. Origins The word is of Javanese origin. Sometimes it is spelled kiai. Traditionally, students of Islam in Indonesia would study in a boarding school known as a pesantren. The leader of the school was called kyai, as a form of respect. The traditional word for a teacher in Islam is ustad, which is a Persian word. There are many ustads in Indonesia who teach the religion, but most of them do not have a boarding school. Education Kiai were educated in various pesantren: A student in a pesantren is called a santri. After the founding kyai of a pesantren dies, his son or another santri may take over the supervision of the school, and would then be called kyai. It is possible for a large boarding school to have several kyai living and teaching there. However, most pesantren have a few hundred students, with only one person who is called kyai. The other teachers in the school are called ustadz. Many Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UTC+7
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601 the associated time would be written as . It is 7 hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC areas is midnight (00:00), the time in UTC+07:00 areas would be 7:00 in the morning. Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time ( id, Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in: As standard time (year-round) ''Principal cities: Medan, Lhokseumawe, Langsa, Garut, Gunungsitoli, Karawang, Jepara, Lubuklinggau, Batam, Pangkal Pinang, Palangkaraya, Pagar Alam, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Purwakarta, Purwokerto, Pekalongan, Prabumulih, Palembang, Pematangsiantar, Padangsidempuan, Pekanbaru, Padang, Padang Panjang, Pontianak, Pariaman, Payakumbuh, Dumai, Binjai, Bogor, Cimahi, Cirebon, Bukittinggi, Bandar Lampung, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surakarta, Surat Thani, Solok, Sawahlunto, Tanjungpinang, Singkawang, Tebing Tinggi, Sibolga, Sungai Penuh, Sukabumi, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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