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Abdullah Cevdet Karlıdağ
Abdullah Cevdet ( ota, عبدالله جودت; tr, Abdullah Cevdet Karlıdağ; 9 September 1869 – 29 November 1932) was a Kurds, Kurdish intellectual and physician in the Ottoman Empire. He was one of the founders of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and wrote articles with pen name of "Bir Kürd" ("A Kurd") for the publications such as ''Meşveret'', ''Kurdistan (newspaper), Kurdistan'' and ''Roji Kurd'' about Kurds, Kurdish awakening and nationalism. In 1908, he joined the Democratic Party which merged with the Freedom and Accord Party in 1911. He was also a translator, radical free-thinker, and an ideologist of the CUP until 1908. Biography The son of a physician, and himself a graduate from the Turkish Military Academy, Military College in Istanbul as an ophthalmologist, Cevdet, initially a pious Muslim, was influenced by Western Materialism, materialistic philosophies and was against institutionalized religion, but thought that "although the Muslim God was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arapgir
Arapgir ( hy, Արաբկիր; ku, Erebgir) is a town and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. As of 2000 it had a population of 17,070 people. It is situated at the confluence of the eastern and western Euphrates, but some miles from the right bank of the combined streams. Arapgir is connected with Sivas by a ''chaussée'', prolonged to the Euphrates river. The present town was built in the mid-19th century, but about 2 miles north-east is the old town, now called Eskişehir ("old city" in Turkish). Demographics Arapgir town is populated by Kurds. In descending order of population, the district is populated by Turks and Kurds and also historically had an Armenian population. Composition History Arapgir is a market town and received significant Seljuk Turkish arrivals in the 12th century. Population According to Donald Quataert, Arapgir in the 1880s was made up of 4,802 Muslim and 1,200 Armenian households, with a total population of about 29,000 persons. According to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Kahn
Gustave Kahn (21 December 1859, in Metz – 5 September 1936, in Paris) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. He was also active, via publishing and essay-writing, in defining Symbolism and distinguishing it from the Decadent Movement. Personal life Kahn was a Jew from Lorraine. He chose sides with Émile Zola in the Dreyfus affair. His wife Elizabeth converted to Judaism as a protest against anti-semitism, changing her name to Rachel. Poetry Kahn claimed to have invented the term vers libre, or free verse. Lucie-Smith, Edward. (1972) ''Symbolist Art''. London: Thames & Hudson, p. 58. He was in any case one of the form's first European exponents. His principal publications include ''Les Palais nomades'' (1887), ''Domaine de fée'' (1895), and ''Le Livre d'images'' (1897). He also made a valuable contribution to the movement's history with his book ''Symbolistes et décadents'' (1902). Other work In addition to his poems, Kahn was a public intellectual who wrote nove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Süssheim
Karl Süssheim (21 January 1878, Nuremberg – 13 January 1947, Istanbul, Turkey), was a German historian and Orientalist of Jewish descent. He was a professor of Islamic history and was fluent in Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish. Life He was the son of hops dealer Sigmund Süssheim and his wife Clara, who moved to Nuremberg in 1870. He was a maternal grandson of the Bavarian politician David Morgenstern (de). Süssheim studied history, philosophy and science at the Universities of Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Humboldt University to Berlin. Then he studied at the Department of Oriental Languages with Martin Hartmann On 5 March 1902, he submitted his dissertation, ''Prussian Annexxionsbestrebungen francs in 1791–1797, a contribution to the biography'' Hardenberg (1901) After that he studied in Constantinople(modern-day Istanbul) until 1906. In 1908, during the Young T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabian Peninsula, Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blasphemy
Blasphemy is a speech crime and religious crime usually defined as an utterance that shows contempt, disrespects or insults a deity, an object considered sacred or something considered inviolable. Some religions regard blasphemy as a religious crime, especially the Abrahamic religions, including the speaking the " sacred name" in Judaism and the "eternal sin" in Christianity. In the early history of the Church heresy received more attention than blasphemy because it was considered a more serious threat to Orthodoxy. Blasphemy was often regarded as an isolated offense wherein the faithful lapsed momentarily from the expected standard of conduct. When iconoclasm and the fundamental understanding of the sacred became more contentious matters during the Reformation, blasphemy was treated similar to heresy, and accusations of blasphemy were made not only against people who made off-the-cuff profane remarks while drunk, but against those types of persons who espoused unorthodox id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın
Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın (7 December 1874 – 18 October 1957) was a prominent Turkish theorist, writer and politician. He is famous for being a dissident journalist, who has been put on trial and punished due to his columns. His publications defending the idea of a homogenous nation became popular within the Party of Union and Progress. Biography Hüseyin Cahit was born in 1874 in Balıkesir. He was a graduate of Vefa High School, Istanbul. He started his literary life by writing stories, novels and prose poems. He later wrote on journalism, criticism and translation. He also wrote satirical poems under the pseudonym Hemrah. He is one of the most important figures of the ''Edebiyat-ı Cedide'' (New Literary Movement). After the Second Constitutional Era, he helped Tevfik Fikret and Hüseyin Kazım to publish the ''Tanin'' newspaper, as it was put into political life. By the time he started his political career and joined the Union and Progress Party. He was selected to Ottom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on Secularity, secular, Naturalism (philosophy), naturalistic considerations. Secularism is most commonly defined as the Separation of church and state, separation of religion from civil affairs and the state, and may be broadened to a similar position seeking to remove or to minimize the role of religion in any public sphere. The term "secularism" has a broad range of meanings, and in the most schematic, may encapsulate any stance that promotes the secular in any given context. It may connote anti-clericalism, atheism, Naturalism (philosophy), naturalism, Nonsectarian, non-sectarianism, Neutrality (philosophy), neutrality on topics of religion, or the complete removal of religious symbols from public institutions. As a philosophy, secularism seeks to interpret life based on principles derived solely from the material world, without recourse to religion. It shifts the focus from religion towards "temporal" a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Ottoman Constitution and recall the parliament, which ushered in multi-party politics within the Empire. From the Young Turk Revolution to the Empire's end marks the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire's history. More than three decades earlier, in 1876, constitutional monarchy had been established under Abdul Hamid during a period of time known as the First Constitutional Era, which lasted for only two years before Abdul Hamid suspended it and restored autocratic powers to himself. The revolution began with CUP member Ahmed Niyazi's flight into the Albanian highlands. He was soon joined by İsmail Enver and Eyub Sabri. They networked with local Albanians and utilized their connections within the Salonica based Third Army to instigate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Temo
Ibrahim Starova, also Ibrahim Bërzeshta (born ''Ibrahim Ethem Sojliu''; 22 March 1865 – 5 August 1945), better known as Ibrahim Temo, was an Ottoman-Albanian politician, revolutionary, intellectual, and a medical doctor by profession. Temo was the original founder of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Early life Temo was born in Struga to a family with origins from Starovë (now Buçimas), Albania, with ancestors that served as soldiers for the Ottoman Empire and later migrated to his birthplace. He was married to a sister of the Frashëri brothers ( Abdyl, Naim and Sami). Founding the CUP In 1879 during the League of Prizren period, Temo was a founder of the Society for the Publication of Albanian Letters ( sq, Shoqëri e të shtypurit shkronjavet shqip). Temo, along with Mehmed Reshid, İshak Sükuti and Abdullah Cevdet where students enrolled at the Military Medical School and in 1889 they founded a progressive secret society called ''Ittihad-ı Osmani Cemiyeti' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hamid II
Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. The time period which he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline, with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and he presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–1878) followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against the Kingdom of Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. In accordance with an agreement made with the Republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire's first Constitution, which was a sign of progressive th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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