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Abdul Ghafar Lakanwal
Abdul Ghafar Lakanwal is an Afghan-American politician and activist. He served as cabinet minister in Afghan governments in the 1980s. Before the revolution Lakanwal hails from rural Afghanistan.''Twin Cities Daily Planet''. MINNESOTA VOICES , Dr. Ghafar Lakanwal' He studied agricultural science at Kabul University, and obtained a doctorate from the University of Hohenheim. During the 1970s he worked for the West German international development agency. Minister Following the 1978 Saur Revolution, Lakanwal became the chairman of the Peasants Cooperative Union. As of 1980-1981 he was an alternate member of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. He was a member of the Revolutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and a Central Committee member of the National Fatherland Front. Lakanwal was named Minister of Agriculture and Land Reform by Babrak Karmal in 1982. On March 12, 1987, following Mohammad Najibullah's ascent to power, Lakanwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabul University
Kabul University (KU; prs, دانشگاه کابل, translit= Dāneshgāh-e-Kābul; ps, د کابل پوهنتون, translit=Da Kābul Pohantūn) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul, near the Ministry of Higher Education (Afghanistan), Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 by Mohammed Nadir Shah, King Mohammed Nadir Shah, whose Prime Minister of Afghanistan, prime minister at the time was his younger brother, ''Sardar'' Mohammad Hashim Khan. Approximately 22,000 students attend Kabul University. In August 2021, before the 2021 Taliban offensive, Taliban takeover, nearly half were female. The university reopened in February 2022, with classes separated by sex but relatively few changes to the curriculum. History Early history Kabul University was established in 1932 during the reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah , King Mohammed Nadir Shah and during the government of Prime M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Hohenheim
The University of Hohenheim (german: Universität Hohenheim) is a campus university located in the south of Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1818, it is Stuttgart's oldest university. Its primary areas of specialisation had traditionally been agricultural and natural sciences. Today, however, the majority of its students are enrolled in one of the many study programs offered by the faculty of business, economics and social sciences. The faculty has regularly been ranked among the best in the country, making the University of Hohenheim one of Germany's top-tier universities in these fields. The university maintains academic alliances with a number of partner universities and is involved in numerous joint research projects. History From 1770 to 1794, the Karlsschule was the only university in Stuttgart. Since its founding in 1818, Stuttgart's oldest university has been the University of Hohenheim. The eruption of the Indonesian volcano Mount Tambora in 1815 triggered a global cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saur Revolution
The Saur Revolution or Sowr Revolution ( ps, د ثور انقلاب; prs, إنقلاب ثور), also known as the April Revolution or the April Coup, was staged on 27–28 April 1978 (, ) by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and overthrew Afghan president Mohammed Daoud Khan, who had himself taken power in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état and established an autocratic one-party system in the country. Daoud and most of his family were executed at the Arg in the capital city of Kabul by PDPA-affiliated military officers, after which his supporters were also purged and killed. The successful PDPA uprising resulted in the creation of a socialist Afghan government that was closely aligned with the Soviet Union, with Nur Muhammad Taraki serving as the PDPA's General Secretary of the Revolutionary Council. or is the Dari-language name for the second month of the Solar Hijri calendar, during which the events took place. The uprising was ordered by PDPA member Hafizull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee
Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party organizations, the committee would typically be made up of delegates elected at a party congress. In Communist state, those states where it constituted the state power, the central committee made decisions for the party between congresses and usually was (at least nominally) responsible for electing the politburo. In non-ruling communist parties, the central committee is usually understood by the party membership to be the ultimate decision-making authority between congresses once the process of democratic centralism has led to an agreed-upon position. Non-communist organizations are also governed by central committees, such as the right-wing Likud party in Israel, the North American Mennonite Central Committee, Mennonite Church and Alcoholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Democratic Party Of Afghanistan
The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), ''Hezb-e dimūkrātĩk-e khalq-e Afghānistān'' was a Marxist–Leninist political party in Afghanistan established on 1 January 1965. Four members of the party won seats in the 1965 Afghan parliamentary election, reduced to two seats in 1969, albeit both before parties were fully legal. For most of its existence, the party was split between the hardline ''Khalq'' and moderate ''Parcham'' factions, each of which claimed to represent the "true" PDPA. The party originally followed leftist and Marxist–Leninist ideals. Despite its orientation, the party did not describe itself as "communist", instead using labels such as " national democratic" and "socialist". In its final years, the party gradually moved away from Marxism–Leninism and towards Afghan nationalism. While a minority, the party helped Mohammed Daoud Khan, former Prime Minister of Afghanistan, overthrow King Mohammed Zahir Shah in 1973 and establish the Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Fatherland Front
The National Front (NF), formerly known as the ''National Fatherland Front (NFF)'', was an umbrella organization to the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) which ruled Afghanistan from 1978–1990. NFF was established to recruit more supporters for the communist regime in Afghanistan. Between 1980 and 1982, during Babrak Karmal's rise as president, a lot of governmental propaganda Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded ... was released for the support of the organization. By April 1984, the ''New Times'' (Kabul) claimed that the NFF had over 55,000 members. Leaders (in 1984) *Chairman of the Central Committee: Dr. Saleh Mohammad Ziarei *Vice-Chairmen of the Central Committee: Bariq Shafihi, Suleiman Laeq, Sayed Afghani, Nejmuddin Kawyani, Sayed Ekram Paygir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babrak Karmal
Babrak Karmal (Farsi/Pashto: , born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan, serving in the post of General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan for seven years. Born in Kabul Province into a Tajik family, Karmal attended Kabul University and developed openly leftist views there, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He became a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction when the PDPA split in 1967, with their ideological nemesis being the Khalq faction. Karmal was elected to the Lower House after the 1965 parliamentary election, serving in parliament until losing his seat in the 1969 parliamentary election. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Kh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Najibullah
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (Pashto/ prs, محمد نجیبالله احمدزی, ; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as Dr. Najib, was an Afghan politician who served as the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, the leader of the one-party ruling Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992 and as well as the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortly after which the mujahideen took over Kabul. After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul. He lived in the United Nations headquarters until his assassination by the Taliban after their capture of the city. A graduate of Kabul University, Najibullah held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat. He was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Currently in its 77th session, its powers, composition, functions, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The UNGA is responsible for the UN budget, appointing the non-permanent members to the Security Council, appointing the UN secretary-general, receiving reports from other parts of the UN system, and making recommendations through resolutions. It also establishes numerous subsidiary organs to advance or assist in its broad mandate. The UNGA is the only UN organ wherein all member states have equal representation. The General Assembly meets under its president or the UN secretary-general in annual sessions at the General Assembly Building, within the UN headquarters in New York City. The main part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the List of United States cities by population density, most densely populated major city in the United States, and is more than twice as populous as second-place Los Angeles. New York City lies at the southern tip of New York (state), New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban area, urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous Megacity, megacities, and over 58 million people live within of the city. New York City is a global city, global Culture of New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Hasan Sharq
Mohammad Hasan Sharq ( ps, محمد حسن شرق, born 17 July 1925) is an Afghan former politician who was active in the communist government of Afghanistan. Sharq became Chairman of the Council of Ministers – the government of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He was selected as a compromise candidate after a ''loya'' jirga ratified a new constitution in 1987. However, the power of his office was relatively slight compared with the powers held by the Presidency. Career Sharq served as spokesman for earlier Chairman of the Council of Ministers Mohammad Daoud Khan during the Kingdom of Afghanistan. When Daoud took over the Cabinet Posts of Prime Minister, Defense Minister and Foreign Minister, He appointed Sharq as his Deputy Prime Minister. He was Daoud's Minister of Finance from 1975 to about 1976. In March 1986 Afghan foreign minister Abdul Wakil invited mujahideen leaders, former King Zahir Shah and ex-ministers from previous governments to join a gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
