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A Letter To The Liberals
"A Letter to the Liberals" (AKA: "A Letter to Russian Liberals") is an 1896 open letter by Leo Tolstoy denouncing not just Liberalism, Liberals, but all political factions that strive to exert political power over the masses. It is directed to Alexandra Kalmykov (1849-1926), a pedagogue who supported the aristocracy. The closing of a national literacy committee was the inspiration that brought Tolstoy to write it and it was written in an atmosphere where the Nihilist movement and the anti-aristocratic agitation was in full swing. Content The tone of the text is explicitly anarchist, to take one line from it: "A Government, therefore, and especially a Government entrusted with military power, is the most dangerous organization possible." Famous Tolstoy-translator Aylmer Maude didn't comment on the tone, but did mention that it was the most important work of Tolstoy in 1896 and clearly expresses his "non-political attitude." Other academics have emphasized the themes of Christi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ge Tolstoy
General Electric Company (GE) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York (state), New York state and headquartered in Boston. The company operated in sectors including GE Healthcare, healthcare, GE Aviation, aviation, GE Power, power, GE Renewable Energy, renewable energy, GE Digital, digital industry, additive manufacturing and GE Capital, venture capital and finance, but has since divested from several areas, now primarily consisting of the first four segments. In 2020, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 33rd largest firm in the United States by gross revenue. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 20 as the 14th most profitable company, but later very severely underperformed the market (by about 75%) as its profitability collapsed. Two employees of GE – Irving Langmuir (1932) and Ivar Giaever (1973) – have been awarded the Nobel Prize. On November 9, 2021, the company anno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Polak
Henri Polak (22 February 1868 – 18 February 1943) was a Dutch trade unionist and politician. Polak is best remembered as a longtime president of the General Diamond Workers' Union of the Netherlands (ANDB) and as a founder of the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1894. Targeted as a Jew, a socialist, and a trade unionist, Polak was arrested by the Nazis in 1940 but died early in 1943 before he could be deported. Biography Early years Henri Polak was born 22 February 1868 in the Dutch city of Amsterdam. He was the son of a diamond cutter and jeweler named Mozes Polak and his wife, Marianne Smit.John E. Lunn, "Henri Polak," in A. Thomas Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders: Volume 2, M-Z.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; pp. 765–766. He attended a Jewish primary school until the age of 13, at which time he was pulled out of school to go to work to help support his parents' large family as an apprentice diamond cutter.Frank van Vree"Henri Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Books About Liberalism
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is '' codex'' (plural, ''codices''). In the history of hand-held physical supports for extended written compositions or records, the codex replaces its predecessor, the scroll. A single sheet in a codex is a leaf and each side of a leaf is a page. As an intellectual object, a book is prototypically a composition of such great length that it takes a considerable investment of time to compose and still considered as an investment of time to read. In a restricted sense, a book is a self-sufficient section or part of a longer composition, a usage reflecting that, in antiquity, long works had to be written on several scrolls and each scroll had to be identified by the book it contained. Each part of Aristotle's ''Physics'' is called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism In Russia
Anarchism in Russia has its roots in the early mutual aid systems of the medieval republics and later in the popular resistance to the Tsarist autocracy and serfdom. Through the history of radicalism during the early 19th-century, anarchism developed out of the populist and nihilist movements' dissatisfaction with the government reforms of the time. The first Russian to identify himself as an anarchist was the revolutionary socialist Mikhail Bakunin, who became a founding figure of the modern anarchist movement within the International Workingmen's Association (IWA). In the context of the split within the IWA between the Marxists and the anarchists, the Russian Land and Liberty organization also split between a Marxist faction that supported political struggle and an anarchist faction that supported "propaganda of the deed", the latter of which went on to orchestrate the assassination of Alexander II. Specifically anarchist groups such as the Black Banner began to emerge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Works By Leo Tolstoy
Works may refer to: People * Caddy Works (1896–1982), American college sports coach * Samuel Works (c. 1781–1868), New York politician Albums * '' ''Works'' (Pink Floyd album)'', a Pink Floyd album from 1983 * ''Works'', a Gary Burton album from 1972 * ''Works'', a Status Quo album from 1983 * ''Works'', a John Abercrombie album from 1991 * ''Works'', a Pat Metheny album from 1994 * ''Works'', an Alan Parson Project album from 2002 * ''Works Volume 1'', a 1977 Emerson, Lake & Palmer album * ''Works Volume 2'', a 1977 Emerson, Lake & Palmer album * '' The Works'', a 1984 Queen album Other uses * Microsoft Works, a collection of office productivity programs created by Microsoft * IBM Works, an office suite for the IBM OS/2 operating system * Mount Works, Victoria Land, Antarctica See also * The Works (other) * Work (other) Work may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Letters
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally. Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Especially common are critical open letters addressed to political leaders. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual. Two of the most famous and influential open letters are '' J'accuse...!'' by Émile Zola to the President of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s '' Letter from Birmingham Jail'', including the famous quotation "Injus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxists
Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical materialism and historical materialism, though these terms were coined after Marx's death and their te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliography Of Leo Tolstoy
This is a list of works by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), including his novels, novellas, short stories, fables and parables, plays, and nonfiction. Prose Fiction Novels *''War and Peace'' (Война и мир 'Voyna i mir'' 1869) *''Anna Karenina'' (Анна Каренина 'Anna Karenina'' 1877) *''Resurrection'' (Воскресение 'Voskresenie'' 1899) Novellas *''The Autobiographical Trilogy'' (1852-1856) **''Childhood'' (Детство 'Detstvo'' 1852) **'' Boyhood'' (Отрочество 'Otrochestvo'' 1854) **''Youth'' (Юность 'Yunost''' 1856) *'' Sevastopol Sketches'' (''Севастопольские рассказы'' 'Sevastopolskie rasskazy'' 1855–1856) **"Sevastopol in December 1854" (1855) **"Sevastopol in May 1855" (1855) **"Sevastopol in August 1855" (1856) * '' A Morning of a Landed Proprietor'' (''Утро помещика'', 1856) * '' Two Hussars'' (''Два гусара'' 'Dva gusara'' 1856) * '' Family Happiness'' (Сем ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Wiener
Leo Wiener (1862–1939) was an American historian, linguist, author and translator. Biography Wiener was born in Białystok (then in the Russian Empire), of Lithuanian Jewish origin. His father was Zalmen (Solomon) Wiener, and his mother was Frejda Rabinowicz. He studied at the University of Warsaw in 1880, and then at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin.Liptzin, Sol (2007). "Wiener, Leo." ''Encyclopaedia Judaica''. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Vol. 21, pp. 47-48. Retrieved via ''Gale Virtual Reference Library'', August 4, 2018. Also available onlinvia Encyclopedia.com Wiener later declared, "Having 'for many years been a member of the Unitarian Church,' and having 'preached absolute amalgamation with the Gentile surroundings', 'never allied with the Jewish Church or with Jews as such." Wiener left Europe with the plan of founding a vegetarian commune in British Honduras (now Belize). He sailed steerage to New Orleans. On his arrival, in 1880, he had no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Chertkov
Vladimir Grigoryevich Chertkov (russian: Влади́мир Григо́рьевич Чертко́в; also transliterated as Chertkoff, Tchertkoff, or Tschertkow ( – November 9, 1936) was the editor of the works of Leo Tolstoy, and one of the most prominent Tolstoyans. After the revolutions of 1917, Chertkov was instrumental in creating the United Council of Religious Communities and Groups, which eventually came to administer the Russian SFSR's conscientious objection program. Life and career Family and childhood Chertkov was born in 1854 in St. Petersburg, Russia into a wealthy and aristocratic family. His mother (to whom he felt especially close), Elizaveta Ivanovna, born Countess Chernysheva-Kruglikova, was known among her circle in St. Petersburg society for her beauty, intellect, authoritativeness and tact. His father, Grigorii Ivanovich, was aide-de-camp under Nikolai I, Adjutant-General under Alexander II and Alexander III, known in military circles for his front-li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milivoy Stoyan Stanoyevich
Milivoy Stoyan Stanoyevich (14 February 1881 – 1960) was a Serbian-American university professor, essayist and author of several books. Biography He was born Milivoy Stoyan Stanoyevich in a small village called Koprivnica in the Austro-Hungarian Empire on 14 February 1881, the second of four sons (Milan, Vidoje, and Miloš). After graduating from the gymnasium in Koprivnica, he enrolled at the University of Belgrade in 1898. Four years later (1901), he graduated and "was appointed professor ''ad interim'' of modern languages at Zaječar College. He might have lived happily as a college professor had he not written a pamphlet entitled "Youth and Socialism", which enraged the Serbian government at a time when communism was threatening the ''status quo'' of every Slavic country. After appearing in court he was given an option -- jail or exile -- for his political crime. After much deliberation with his father Stoyan, Milivoy left Serbia to study in Vienna and Geneva and then c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navajivan Publishing House
''Navajivan Trust'' is a publishing house based in Ahmedabad, India. It was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1929 and has published more than 800 titles in , , and other languages to date. Earlier, ''Navajivan'' referred to a weekly newspaper published by Gandhi, in , from 1919 (September 7) to 1931, from Ahmedabad. Object ...
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