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ATC Code M03
M03A Muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents M03AA Curare alkaloids :M03AA01 Alcuronium :M03AA02 Tubocurarine :M03AA04 Dimethyltubocurarine M03AB Choline derivatives :M03AB01 Suxamethonium M03AC Other quaternary ammonium compounds :M03AC01 Pancuronium :M03AC02 Gallamine :M03AC03 Vecuronium :M03AC04 Atracurium :M03AC05 Hexafluronium :M03AC06 Pipecuronium bromide :M03AC07 Doxacurium chloride :M03AC08 Fazadinium bromide :M03AC09 Rocuronium bromide :M03AC10 Mivacurium chloride :M03AC11 Cisatracurium M03AX Other muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents :M03AX01 Botulinum toxin M03B Muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents M03BA Carbamic acid esters :M03BA01 Phenprobamate :M03BA02 Carisoprodol :M03BA03 Methocarbamol :M03BA04 Styramate :M03BA05 Febarbamate :M03BA51 Phenprobamate, combinations excluding psycholeptics :M03BA52 Carisoprodol, combinations excluding psycholeptics :M03BA53 Methocarbamol, combinations excluding psycholeptics :M03BA71 Phenprobamate, combinatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbamic Acid
Carbamic acid, which might also be called aminoformic acid or aminocarboxylic acid, is the chemical compound with the formula . It can be obtained by the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide at very low temperatures, which also yields an equal amount of ammonium carbamate . The compound is stable only up to about 250 K (−23 °C); at higher temperatures it decomposes into those two gases. The solid apparently consists of dimers, with the two molecules connected by hydrogen bonds between the two carboxyl groups –COOH.J. B. Bossa, P. Theulé, F. Duvernay, F. Borget and T. Chiavassa (2008): "Carbamic acid and carbamate formation in NH3:CO2 ices – UV irradiation versus thermal processes". ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'', volume 492, issue 3, pages 719-724. Carbamic acid could be seen as both an amine and carboxylic acid, and therefore an amino acid;R. K. Khanna and M. H. Moore (1999): "Carbamic acid: molecular structure and IR spectra". ''Spectrochimica Acta Part A: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscle Relaxants
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxant, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxant, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mivacurium Chloride
Mivacurium chloride (formerly recognized as BW1090U81, BW B1090U or BW1090U) is a short-duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs, used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. Structure Mivacurium is a symmetrical molecule existing as a mixture of three of twenty possible isomers: the isomerism stems from chirality at the C-1 carbon position of both the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings, as well as both the positively charged nitrogen (onium) heads, and the E/Z diastereomerism at the C=C double bond of the oct-4-ene diester bridge. Thus, owing to the symmetry and chirality, the three isomers of mivacurium are (E)-1R,1'R,2R,2'R, (identified as BW1217U84), (E)-1R,1'R,2R,2'S, (BW1333U83) and (E)-1R,1'R,1'S,2'S, (BW1309U83). These are also known as ''cis''-''cis'', ''cis''-'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone (INN) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It can also be administered for acute pain in general and for tension headache (muscle contraction headache). It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes. It is sold under the brand names Lorzone, Paraflex and Muscol and in combination form as Parafon Forte, a combination of chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen (paracetamol). Possible side effects include dizziness, lightheadedness, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and liver dysfunction. Used with acetaminophen it has added risk of hepatotoxicity,. Like metaxalone, its mechanism of action is still in question. It is believed that metaxalone works by altering serotonin levels and acting as a mild MAO inhibitor. The mechanism of action of chlorzoaxazone is thought to act on Gaba-A & B receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels to a degree. General central nervous system depression is the only currently accepted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlormezanone
Chlormezanone (marketed under the brandname Trancopal or Fenaprim) is a drug used as an anxiolytic and a muscle relaxant. Its use was discontinued in many countries from 1996 on, due to rare but serious cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction. Together with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) it forms a spectrum of disease, with TEN being more severe. Early symptoms include fever and flu-like symptoms. A few days later th .... Synthesis * Sterling Drug Inc., (1958). * References * * * * Muscle relaxants Sulfones Chloroarenes Hepatotoxins Withdrawn drugs GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators {{musculoskeletal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triazine
Triazines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The parent molecules' molecular formula is . They exist in three isomeric forms, 1,3,5-triazines being common. Structure The triazines have planar six-membered benzene-like ring but with three carbons replaced by nitrogens. The three isomers of triazine are distinguished by the positions of their nitrogen atoms, and are referred to as 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine. Other aromatic nitrogen heterocycles are pyridines with one ring nitrogen atom, diazines with 2 nitrogen atoms in the ring, triazoles with 3 nitrogens in a 5 membered ring, and tetrazines with 4 ring nitrogen atoms. Uses Melamine A well known triazine is melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine). With three amino substituents, melamine is a precursor to commercial resins. Guanamines are closely related to melamine, except with one amino substituent replaced by an organic group. This difference is exploited in the use of guanamines t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiazine
Thiazine is an organic compound containing a ring of four carbon, one nitrogen and one sulfur atom. There are three isomers of thiazine, 1,2-thiazine, 1,3-thiazine, and 1,4-thiazine, which differ by the arrangement of the nitrogen and sulfur atoms in the ring. Derivatives of thiazine, often referred to as thiazines, are used for dyes, tranquilizers and insecticides. Preparation 1,4-thiazine can be prepared from the corresponding dione using aluminium powder at high temperature.{{Cite journal, last=Barkenbus, first=Charles, last2=Landis, first2=Phillip S., date=February 1948, title=The Preparation of 1,4-Thiazine, journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume=70, issue=2, pages=684–685, doi=10.1021/ja01182a075, issn=0002-7863 Tautomers Three tautomers of 1,4-thiazine exist as above. See also *Methylene blue, contains a related ring with nitrogen and a positively charged sulfur atom *Phenothiazine Phenothiazine, abbreviated PTZ, is an organic compound that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Febarbamate
Febarbamate (INN; Solium, Tymium), also known as phenobamate, is an anxiolytic and tranquilizer of the barbiturate and carbamate families which is used in Europe by itself and as part of a combination drug formulation called tetrabamate. See also * Difebarbamate Difebarbamate (INN) is a tranquilizer of the barbiturate and carbamate families which is used in Europe as a component of a combination drug formulation referred to as tetrabamate (Atrium, Sevrium). See also * Febarbamate Febarbamate ( INN; ... References Barbiturates Carbamates Muscle relaxants Pyrimidines Sedatives GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Anxiolytics {{musculoskeletal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styramate
Styramate is a muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant drug. At therapeutic doses, it does not produce significant sedative effects. See also * Carisbamate Carisbamate (YKP 509, proposed trade name Comfyde) is an experimental anticonvulsant drug that was under development by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development but never marketed. Clinical study A phase II clinical trial in ... Further reading * * Carbamates GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators {{musculoskeletal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methocarbamol
Methocarbamol, sold under the brand name Robaxin among others, is a medication used for short-term musculoskeletal pain. It may be used together with rest, physical therapy, and pain medication. It is less preferred in low back pain. It has limited use for rheumatoid arthritis and cerebral palsy. Effects generally begin within half an hour. It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein. Common side effect include headaches, sleepiness, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, liver problems, confusion, and seizures. Use is not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Because of risk of injury, skeletal muscle relaxants should generally be avoided in geriatric patients. Methocarbamol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. How it works is unclear, but it does not appear to affect muscles directly. History and culture Methocarbamol was developed in 1956 in the laboratories of A. H. Robins (later acquired by Pfizer). Studies were directed towards the deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carisoprodol
Carisoprodol, sold under the brand name Soma among others, is a medication used for musculoskeletal pain. Use is only approved for up to three weeks. Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to six hours. It is taken orally. Common side effects include headache, dizziness, and sleepiness. Serious side effect may include addiction, allergic reactions, and seizures. In people with a sulfa allergy certain formulations may result in problems. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not clear. How it works is not clear. Some of its effects are believed to occur following being converted into meprobamate. Carisoprodol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959. Its approval in the European Union was withdrawn in 2008. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 343rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800thousand prescriptions. In the United States, it is a Schedule IV controlled substa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
