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ATC Code L03
L03A Immunostimulants L03AA Colony stimulating factors :L03AA02 Filgrastim :L03AA03 Molgramostim :L03AA09 Sargramostim :L03AA10 Lenograstim :L03AA12 Ancestim :L03AA13 Pegfilgrastim :L03AA14 Lipegfilgrastim :L03AA15 Balugrastim :L03AA16 Empegfilgrastim :L03AA17 Pegteograstim :L03AA18 Efbemalenograstim alfa :QL03AA90 Pegbovigrastim L03AB Interferons :L03AB01 Interferon alfa natural :L03AB02 Interferon beta natural :L03AB03 Interferon gamma :L03AB04 Interferon alfa-2a :L03AB05 Interferon alfa-2b :L03AB06 Interferon alfa-n1 :L03AB07 Interferon beta-1a :L03AB08 Interferon beta-1b :L03AB09 Interferon alfacon-1 :L03AB10 Peginterferon alfa-2b :L03AB11 Peginterferon alfa-2a :L03AB12 Albinterferon alfa-2b :L03AB13 Peginterferon beta-1a :L03AB14 Cepeginterferon alfa-2b :L03AB15 Ropeginterferon alfa-2b :L03AB16 Peginterferon alfacon-2 :L03AB60 Peginterferon alfa-2b, combinations :L03AB61 Peginterferon alfa-2a, combinations :QL03AB90 Interferom omega, feline origin L03AC I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunostimulant
Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Classification There are two main categories of immunostimulants: #Specific immunostimulants provide antigenic specificity in immune response, such as vaccines or any antigen. #Non-specific immunostimulants act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as adjuvants and non-specific immunostimulators. Non-specific Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulators. For example, female sex hormones are known to stimulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus strike women preferentially, and their onset often coincides with puberty. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interferon Gamma
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. It was also shown to be produced in human lymphocytes. or tuberculin-sensitized mouse peritoneal lymphocytes challenged with Mantoux test (PPD); the resulting supernatants were shown to inhibit growth of vesicular stomatitis virus. Those reports also contained the basic observation underlying the now widely employed IFN-γ release assay used to test for tuberculosis. In humans, the IFN-γ protein is encoded by the ''IFNG'' gene. Through cell signaling, IFN-γ plays a role in regulating the immune response of its target cell. A key signaling pathway that is activated by type II IFN is the JAK-STAT signal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peginterferon Alfacon-2
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Peginterferon-alfa may refer to: * Peginterferon alfa-2a, an antiviral drug used in treatment for hepatitis C and hepatitis B * Peginterferon alfa-2b, a treatment for hepatitis C See also * Interferon Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, sold under the brand name Besremi, is a medication used to treat polycythemia vera. It is an interferon. It is given by injection. The most common side effects include low levels of white blood cells and platelets (blood components that help the blood to clot), muscle and joint pain, tiredness, flu-like symptoms and increased blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (a sign of liver problems). Ropeginterferon alfa-2b can cause liver enzyme elevations, low levels of white blood cells, low levels of platelets, joint pain, fatigue, itching, upper airway infection, muscle pain and flu-like illness. Side effects may also include urinary tract infection, depression and transient ischemic attacks (stroke-like attacks). It was approved for medical use in the European Union in February 2019, Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. and in the United States in N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peginterferon Beta-1a
''Peginterferon beta-1a, sold under the brand name Plegridy, is medication used to treat multiple sclerosis Multiple (cerebral) sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This d .... The most common side effects include headache, muscle pain, joint pain, influenza (flu)-like symptoms, pyrexia (fever), chills, asthenia (weakness), and erythema (reddening of the skin), pain or pruritus (itching) at the injection site. Peginterferon beta-1a was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2014. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Medical uses In the United States peginterferon beta-1a is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albinterferon Alfa-2b
Albinterferon (alb-IFN, trade name Albuferon) is a recombinant fusion protein drug consisting of interferon alpha (IFN-α) linked to human albumin. Conjugation to human albumin prolongs the half-life of the IFN-α to about 6 days, allowing to dose it every two to four weeks. The drug was under investigation as an alternative to pegylated IFN-α-2a for the treatment of hepatitis C Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, a .... In response to an FDA ruling, Novartis and Human Genome Sciences announced on October 5, 2010 that they will cease development of the drug. A French expert in hepatitis treatment, Dr. Yves Benhamou, member of the steering committee for a clinical trial of the drug was detained on criminal fraud charges by the F.B.I. agents on 11-01-2010 as he attend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peginterferon Alfa-2a
Pegylated interferon alfa-2a, sold under the brand name Pegasys among others, is medication used to treat hepatitis C and hepatitis B. For hepatitis C it is typically used together with ribavirin and cure rates are between 24 and 92%. For hepatitis B it may be used alone. It is given by injection under the skin. Side effects are common. They may include headache, feeling tired, depression, trouble sleeping, hair loss, nausea, pain at the site of injection, and fever. Severe side effects may include psychosis, autoimmune disorders, blood clots, or infections. Use with ribavirin is not recommended during pregnancy. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a is in the alpha interferon family of medications. It is pegylated to protect the molecule from breakdown. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a was approved for medical use in the United States in 2002. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peginterferon Alfa-2b
Pegylated interferon alfa-2b is a drug used to treat melanoma, as an adjuvant therapy to surgery. Also used to treat hepatitis C (typically, in combination with ribavarin), it is no longer recommended due to poor efficacy and adverse side-effects. Subcutaneous injection is the preferred delivery method. Belonging to the alpha interferon family of medications, the molecule is PEGylated to prevent breakdown. Approval for medical use in the United States was granted in 2001. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines as a therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Medical uses Hepatitis Till around 2010, PEGylated interferon alfa-2b in combination with ribavirin, was part of the standard regimen used in management of hepatitis C. Ribivarin helped in increasing the Sustained Virologic Response (SVR) even more. Developed by Schering-Plough, the drug was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States in 2001, and has been on the World Health Org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interferon Alfacon-1
Interferon alfacon-1 is a recombinant synthetic type I interferon used for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, in lymph nodes, in the mouth, or in other organs. The skin lesions are usually painless, purple and may be flat or raised. Lesions can occur singly, multiply in a limit .... References Immunostimulants Antiviral drugs {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interferon Beta-1b
Interferon beta-1b is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is approved for use after the first MS event. Closely related is interferon beta 1a, also indicated for MS, with a very similar drug profile. Mechanism of action Interferon beta balances the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory agents in the brain, and reduces the number of inflammatory cells that cross the blood brain barrier. Overall, therapy with interferon beta leads to a reduction of neuron inflammation. Moreover, it is also thought to increase the production of nerve growth factor and consequently improve neuronal survival. Side effects Interferon beta-1b is available only in injectable forms, and can cause skin reactions at the injection site that may include cutaneous necrosis. Skin reactions vary greatly in their clinical presentation. They usually appear within the first month of treatment albeit their freque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interferon Beta-1a
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified '' E. coli''. Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses. Interferon beta has not been shown to slow the advance of disability. Interferons are not a cure for MS (there is no known cure); the claim is that interferons may slow the progress of the disease if started early and continued for the duration of the disease. Medical uses Clinically isolated syndrome The earliest clinical presentation of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), that is, a single attack of a single symptom. During a CIS, there is a subacute attack suggestive of demyelination which should be included in the spectrum of MS phenotypes. Treatment with interferons after an initial attac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
