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ANSI-SPARC Architecture
The ANSI-SPARC Architecture (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee), is an abstract design standard for a database management system (DBMS), first proposed in 1975.ANSI/X3/SPARC Study Group on Data Base Management Systems: (1975), ''Interim Report. FDT'', ACM SIGMOD bulletin. Volume 7, No. 2 The ANSI-SPARC model however never became all formal standard. No mainstream DBMS systems are fully based on it (they tend not to exhibit full physical independence or to prevent direct user access to the conceptual level), but the idea of logical data independence is widely adopted. Three-level architecture The objective of the three-level architecture is to separate the user's view: *It allows independent customized user views: Each user should be able to access the same data, but have a different customized view of the data. These should be independent: changes to one view should not affect others. *It hides the physical storage details from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ANSI-SPARC DB Model
The ANSI-SPARC Architecture (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee), is an abstract design standard for a database management system (DBMS), first proposed in 1975.ANSI/X3/SPARC Study Group on Data Base Management Systems: (1975), ''Interim Report. FDT'', ACM SIGMOD bulletin. Volume 7, No. 2 The ANSI-SPARC model however never became all formal standard. No mainstream DBMS systems are fully based on it (they tend not to exhibit full physical independence or to prevent direct user access to the conceptual level), but the idea of logical data independence is widely adopted. Three-level architecture The objective of the three-level architecture is to separate the user's view: *It allows independent customized user views: Each user should be able to access the same data, but have a different customized view of the data. These should be independent: changes to one view should not affect others. *It hides the physical storage details from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of other standards organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards. The organization's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. ANSI's operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Database Management System
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases spans formal techniques and practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance. A database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a database system. Often the term "database" is also used loosely to refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an applicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Schema Approach
The three-schema approach, or three-schema concept, in software engineering is an approach to building information systems and systems information management that originated in the 1970s. It proposes three different views in systems development, with conceptual modelling being considered the key to achieving data integration. Overview The three-schema approach provides for three types of schemas with schema techniques based on formal language descriptions: * External schema for user views * Conceptual schema integrates external schemata * Internal schema that defines physical storage structures At the center, the conceptual schema defines the ontology of the concepts as the users think of them and talk about them. The physical schema according to Sowa (2004) "describes the internal formats of the data stored in the database, and the external schema defines the view of the data presented to the application programs." The framework attempted to permit multiple data models to be u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
View Model
A view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering, software engineering, and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of ''views'' to be used in the construction of a system architecture, software architecture, or enterprise architecture. A ''view'' is a representation of a whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns.ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, Systems and so— Architecture description Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures. These recent efforts define a set of views (or viewpoints). They are sometimes referred to as architecture frameworks or enterprise architecture frameworks, but are usually called "view models". Usually a ''view'' is a work product that presents specific architecture data for a given system. However, the same term is sometimes used to refer to a view ''definition'', including the particular viewpoint and the corr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
