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ABC Software Metric
The ABC software metric was introduced by Jerry Fitzpatrick in 1997 to overcome the drawbacks of the LOC. The metric defines an ABC score as a triplet of values that represent the size of a set of source code statements. An ABC score is calculated by counting the number of assignments (A), number of branches (B), and number of conditionals (C) in a program. ABC score can be applied to individual methods, functions, classes, modules or files within a program. ABC score is represented by a 3-D vector . It can also be represented as a scalar value, which is the magnitude of the vector , and is calculated as follows: ::, , = \surd(A^2 + B^2 + C^2) By convention, an ABC magnitude value is rounded to the nearest tenth. History The concept of measuring software size was first introduced by Maurice Halstead from Purdue University in 1975. He suggested that every computer program consists mainly of tokens: operators and operands. He concluded that a count of the number of un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Source Lines Of Code
Source lines of code (SLOC), also known as lines of code (LOC), is a software metric used to measure the size of a computer program by counting the number of lines in the text of the program's source code. SLOC is typically used to predict the amount of effort that will be required to develop a program, as well as to estimate programming productivity or maintainability once the software is produced. Measurement methods Multiple useful comparisons involve only the order of magnitude of lines of code in a project. Using lines of code to compare a 10,000-line project to a 100,000-line project is far more useful than when comparing a 20,000-line project with a 21,000-line project. While it is debatable exactly how to measure lines of code, discrepancies of an order of magnitude can be clear indicators of software complexity or man-hours. There are two major types of SLOC measures: physical SLOC (LOC) and logical SLOC (LLOC). Specific definitions of these two measures vary, but the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scope (computer Science)
In computer programming, the scope of a name binding (an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable) is the part of a program where the name binding is valid; that is, where the name can be used to refer to the entity. In other parts of the program, the name may refer to a different entity (it may have a different binding), or to nothing at all (it may be unbound). Scope helps prevent name collisions by allowing the same name to refer to different objects – as long as the names have separate scopes. The scope of a name binding is also known as the visibility of an entity, particularly in older or more technical literature—this is in relation to the referenced entity, not the referencing name. The term "scope" is also used to refer to the set of ''all'' name bindings that are valid within a part of a program or at a given point in a program, which is more correctly referred to as ''context'' or ''environment''. Strictly speaking and in practice for most programm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unary Operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to ''binary operations'', which use two operands. An example is any function , where is a set; the function is a unary operation on . Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial ), functional notation (e.g. or ), and superscripts (e.g. transpose ). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument. Examples Absolute value Obtaining the absolute value of a number is a unary operation. This function is defined as , n, = \begin n, & \mbox n\geq0 \\ -n, & \mbox n<0 \end where is the absolute value of . Negation |
Keyword (computer Programming)
Keyword may refer to: Computing * Index term, a term used as a keyword to documents in an information system such as a catalog or a search engine * Keyword (Internet search), a word or phrase typically used by bloggers or online content creator to rank a web page on a particular topic * A reserved word in a programming language Other uses * Keyword (linguistics), a word that occurs in a text more often than by chance alone * '' Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society'', 1973 non-fiction book by Raymond Williams * "Keyword" (song), a 2008 song by Tohoshinki See also *Buzzword A buzzword is a word or phrase, new or already existing, that becomes popular for a period of time. Buzzwords often derive from technical terms yet often have much of the original technical meaning removed through fashionable use, being simply ... * Trigger word *Related to index terms: ** Key Word in Context ** Keyword advertising, a form of online advertising ** Keyword clustering, a search ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesting (computing)
In computing science and informatics, nestinghttps://study.com/academy/lesson/nesting-loops-stan C Programming is where information is organized in layers, or where objects contain other similar objects. It almost always refers to self-similar or recursive structures in some sense. Terminology Nesting can mean: * nested calls: ** using several levels of subroutines ** recursive calls * nested levels of parentheses in arithmetic expressions * nested blocks of imperative source code such as nested if-clauses, while-clauses, repeat-until clauses etc. * information hiding: ** nested function definitions with lexical scope ** nested data structures such as records, objects, classes, etc. * nested virtualization, also called recursive virtualization: running a virtual machine inside another virtual machine In spreadsheets In a spreadsheet functions can be ''nested'' one into another, making complex formulas. The function wizard of the OpenOffice.org Calc application allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subroutine
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times. Callable units provide a powerful programming tool. The primary purpose is to allow for the decomposition of a large and/or complicated problem into chunks that have relatively low cognitive load and to assign the chunks meaningful names (unless they are anonymous). Judicious application can reduce the cost of developing and maintaining software, while increasing its quality and reliability. Callable units are present at multiple levels of abstraction in the programming environment. For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of callable units with different impl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Increment And Decrement Operators
Increment and decrement operators are unary operators that increase or decrease their operand by one. They are commonly found in imperative programming languages. C-like languages feature two versions (pre- and post-) of each operator with slightly different semantics. In languages syntactically derived from B (including C and its various derivatives), the increment operator is written as ++ and the decrement operator is written as --. Several other languages use inc(x) and dec(x) functions. The increment operator increases, and the decrement operator decreases, the value of its operand by 1. The operand must have an arithmetic or pointer data type, and must refer to a modifiable data object. Pointers values are increased (or decreased) by an amount that makes them point to the next (or previous) element adjacent in memory. In languages that support both versions of the operators: * The ''pre''-increment and ''pre''-decrement operators increment (or decrement) their ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantics (computer Science)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs. Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation. History In 1967, Robert W. Floyd published the paper ''Assigning meanings to programs''; his chief aim was "a rigorous standard for proofs about computer programs, including proofs of correctness, equivalence, and termination". Floyd further wrote: A semantic definition of a programming language, in our approach, is founded on a syntactic definition. It mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weighted Sum
A weight function is a mathematical device used when performing a sum, integral, or average to give some elements more "weight" or influence on the result than other elements in the same set. The result of this application of a weight function is a weighted sum or weighted average. Weight functions occur frequently in statistics and analysis, and are closely related to the concept of a measure. Weight functions can be employed in both discrete and continuous settings. They can be used to construct systems of calculus called "weighted calculus" and "meta-calculus".Jane Grossma''Meta-Calculus: Differential and Integral'' , 1981. Discrete weights General definition In the discrete setting, a weight function w \colon A \to \R^+ is a positive function defined on a discrete set A, which is typically finite or countable. The weight function w(a) := 1 corresponds to the ''unweighted'' situation in which all elements have equal weight. One can then apply this weight to various conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
