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Autorité Organisatrice De Transport Urbain
In France, an (AOTU; urban transport organisation authority) is a type of autorité organisatrice de transports (AOT) for urban areas. An AOTU provides the co-ordination of the urban public transport network within its area, known as the ' (PTU; urban transport perimeter). To do so it receives funds raised via a transport tax on local businesses called the versement transport (VT). There are several types of legal structure which these organisations by which AOTUs may be governed Traditionally, urban public transport was organised by the French communes The () is a level of administrative division in the French Republic. French are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, ' in Germany, ' in Italy, or ' in Spain. The United Kingdom's equi ..., especially in the south of France. In 1999, commune-based organisations represented over 30% of all AOTUs. Since the 1970s, however, AOTs have tended to combine across communes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autorité Organisatrice De Transports
In France, an (transport organisation authority), usually abbreviated AOT, is one of the local government bodies implementing the 1982 law for the organisation of transportation in France., no. 82-1153 of 30 December 1982 At the local level a commune, or more commonly a group of them, is an (urban transport organisation authority). Such an organisation may either run public transport services itself (a ) or contract them out other bodies such as private companies (a ). Authorities try to balance the books, notably by levying a tax called the (VT) which is deducted from wages of those working in the area covered by their services, known as the (PTU). Regions of France are (non-urban transport organisation authorities) for their area.. Before 2017 and NOTRe (''Nouvelle Organisation Territoriale de la République - literrally "New Territorial Organization of Republic))'' law'','' departements of France were authorities. , formerly the (STIF), is the transport organisation author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Transport
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip. There is no rigid definition; the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' specifies that public transportation is within urban areas, and air travel is often not thought of when discussing public transport—dictionaries use wording like "buses, trains, etc." Examples of public transport include Public transport bus service, city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail) and Passenger rail transport, passenger trains, rapid transit (metro/subway/underground, etc.) and ferry, ferries. Public transport between cities is dominated by airlines, intercity bus service, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Versement Transport
In France, the versement transport (abbreviated VT) is a hypothecated tax, hypothecated urban regional payroll tax levied on the total gross salaries of all employees of companies of more than 11 employees, originally intended to raise capital for investment in local public transport infrastructure, but more and more used to cover its operating expenses. The tax is levied on the employer, not the employee directly. The money is directed to the (AOT, "Urban Regional Transport Authority"), the local government authority responsible for organising public transport. In 2010, for example, this tax financed nearly 40% of the operational cost for the public transport network in Ile-de-France through the (STIF), the AOT for the Île-de-France (region), Île-de-France, which includes Paris. The STIF distributed the money between the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP, the metropolitan transport authority), the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF, the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Communes
The () is a level of administrative division in the French Republic. French are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, ' in Germany, ' in Italy, or ' in Spain. The United Kingdom's equivalent are civil parishes, although some areas, particularly urban areas, are unparished. are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. The are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. All have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are ( or ), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. Except for the municipal arrondi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loi Relative Au Renforcement Et à La Simplification De La Coopération Intercommunale
The ("Law 99-586 of 12 July 1999 relating to the improvement and simplification of inter-communal Communal may refer to: *A commune or also intentional community * Communalism (Bookchin) * Communalism (South Asia), the South Asian sectarian ideologies *Relating to an administrative division called comune * Sociality in animals *Community owne ... cooperation"), commonly called the ("Chevènement law") after its proposer Jean-Pierre Chevènement, is one of the principal laws encouraging inter-municipal cooperation in France. It defined the roles of three new types of (EPCI, "Public establishments for inter-communal cooperation") with their own financing: * Community of communes (french: communautés de communes) * Agglomeration community (french: communautés d'agglomération) * Urban community (french: communautés urbaines), for which the minimum population is . Some previous structures such as , districts and ("New town syndicates") were expected to merge into one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté D'agglomération
An agglomeration community (french: communauté d'agglomération) is a government structure in France, created by the Chevènement Law of 1999. It is one of four forms of intercommunality, less integrated than a métropole or a communauté urbaine but more integrated than a communauté de communes. Agglomeration communities consist of a commune of at least 15,000 inhabitants (or a prefecture with less than 15,000 inhabitants) and its independent suburbs. As of March 2020, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France (207 in metropolitan France and 15 in the overseas departments).BANATIC France, Liste des groupements. Accessed 2020-03-19. The population (as of 2017) of the agglomeration communities ranges from 355,650 inhabitants ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté De Communes
A ''communauté de communes'' (, "community of communes") is a federation of municipalities (communes) in France. It forms a framework within which local tasks are carried out together. It is the least-integrated form of ''intercommunalité'' (intercommunality). As of 1 January 2007, there were 2,400 ''communautés de communes'' in France (2,391 in metropolitan France and 9 in the overseas departments), with 26.48 million people living in them. Since then, many ''communautés de communes'' have been merged or have joined a ''communauté d'agglomération'', a ''communauté urbaine'' or a ''métropole''. While there were 2,408 ''communautés de communes'' in January 2010 and 1,842 in January 2016, there were only 1,009 ''communautés de communes'' left on 1 April 2018. Tableau 1.1. Le nombre d´EPCI à fisc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté Urbaine
Communauté urbaine (French for "urban community") is the second most integrated form of intercommunality in France, after the ''Metropolis'' (french: link=no, métropole). A ''communauté urbaine'' is composed of a city (commune) and its independent suburbs (independent communes). The first communautés urbaines were created by the French Parliament on 31 December 1966. Originally there were only four, found in the metropolitan areas of Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon and Strasbourg. Later, others were created in other metropolitan areas. The purpose of the communautés urbaines was to achieve cooperation and joint administration between large cities and their independent suburbs. This step often followed failed attempts to merge the communes within a metropolitan area. The status of the communauté urbaine was modified by the Chevènement Law of 1999. Since the creation of the métropoles in 2011, several former communautés urbaines have become métropoles, for instance Nice, Strasbou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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