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Austrian Passport
An Austrian passport is issued to citizens of Austria to facilitate international travel. Every Austrian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card, allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Economic Area and Switzerland. The application and printing processes of all Austrian passports are handled by the '' Österreichische Staatsdruckerei'' ( de) headquartered in Vienna. The ''Österreichische Staatsdruckerei'' is also tasked with the application and printing processes of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport. Physical appearance Austrian passports are the same burgundy colour as other European passports, and with the Austrian Coat of arms emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. The words "EUROPÄISCHE UNION" (English: European Union) and "REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH" ( en, Republic of Austria) are inscribed above the coat of arms and the word "REISEPASS" ( en, Passpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biometric Passport
A biometric passport (also known as an e-passport or a digital passport) is a traditional passport that has an embedded electronic microprocessor chip which contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of the passport holder. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a microprocessor chip (computer chip) and antenna (for both power to the chip and communication) embedded in the front or back cover, or centre page, of the passport. The passport's critical information is printed on the data page of the passport, repeated on the machine readable lines and stored in the chip. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is used to authenticate the data stored electronically in the passport chip, making it expensive and difficult to forge when all security mechanisms are fully and correctly implemented. Many countries are moving towards issuing biometric passports to their citizens. Malaysia was the first country to issue biometric passports in 1998. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Austria
The current coat of arms of the Republic of Austria has been in use in its first forms by the Austria, First Republic of Austria since 1919. Between 1934 and the Anschluss, German annexation in 1938, the ''Federal State (Bundesstaat Österreich)'' used a different coat of arms, which consisted of a double-headed eagle (one-party corporatism, corporate state led by the clerico-right-wing Fatherland Front (Austria), Fatherland Front - often labeled austro-fascist). The establishment of the Second Republic in 1945 saw the return of the original arms, with broken chains added to symbolise Austria's liberation. In 1981 the ''Wappen der Republik Österreich (Bundeswappen)'' described the blazon in the Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act) ''(Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, B-VG).'' With this change of law it was defined that the specific drawing is to codificate in an own statute law and that all other versions of the coat of arms of Austria were no longer in law. In accordance to this th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Passport
Swedish passports ( sv, Svenskt pass) are issued to nationals of Sweden for the purpose of international travel. Besides serving as proof of Swedish citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Swedish consular officials abroad (or other EU or Nordic missionsArticle 34 of the Helsinki TreatyArticle 34 p. 8 if a Swedish embassy or consulate is not available). Swedish passports are issued by the Swedish Police and applications are made at police stations equipped with a passport terminal for taking photographs and fingerprints. Passports issued since 1 October 2005 are biometric, and valid for five years. Earlier passports were valid for ten years (adults) or five years (children). It is possible for a Swedish citizen to hold two valid passports at the same time if it is needed for work or other special reasons for as long as the necessity applies, but not longer than the ordinary passport is valid for. This can be useful when travelling to states which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Passport
Dutch passports are issued to citizens of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the purpose of international travel. As the Netherlands only distinguish one category of citizen (Nederlandse (Dutch), NLD), for all countries in the Kingdom, passports are the same for all four countries. The passport also serves as a means of identification as required by the Dutch law since 1 January 2005 for all persons over the age of fourteen. Dutch passports are valid for a period of ten years from issuing date. The passport complies with the rulesEU Council Regulation 2252/04 for European Union passports. Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en KoninkrijksrelatiesReisdocumenten Retrieved 14 August 2007 Since 26 August 2006 all passports are issued as a biometric passport with an embedded contactless smartcard RFID chip for storing biometric data.Paspoortinformatie NederlanTravel documents Retrieved 19 August 2007 Every Dutch citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The nationality allows fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Passport
Danish passports are issued to citizens of the Kingdom of Denmark to facilitate international travel. Besides serving as proof of Danish citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Danish consular officials abroad (or other EU consulates or Nordic missionsArticle 34 of the Helsinky TreatyArticle 34 p. 8 in case a Danish consular official is absent). Different versions exist for nationals of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands although they do not indicate a different nationality, with all holders being Danish citizens. Danish nationals residing in Greenland can choose between the Danish—EU passport and the sub-national Danish-—Greenlandic passport. Every Danish citizen (except for nationals residing in the Faroe Islands) is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport entitles its bearer to freedom of movement in the European Economic Area and Switzerland. For travel within the Nordic countries no identity documentation is legally req ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Citizen
Austrian nationality law details the conditions by which an individual is national of Austria. The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Law, which came into force on 31 July 1985. Austria is a member state of the European Union (EU) and all Austrian nationals are EU citizens. They have automatic and permanent permission to live and work in any EU or European Economic Area (EEA) country and may vote in elections to the European Parliament. History During 1812–1918, citizenship in the Austrian Empire (after 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire) was regulated by the ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (ABGB) (§§ 28–30). The system of ''Heimatrecht'' was introduced in 1859, defining citizenship at the municipal level: ''Heimatrecht'' in a given municipality guaranteed the right of residence in that municipality and social support for destitute individuals. Suffrage (election of the Imperial Council) for all male citizens with ''Heimatrecht'' was i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visa Requirements For Austrian Citizens
Visa requirements for Austrian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of foreign states on citizens of Austria. Austrian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access (including eTAs) to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Austrian passport 5th in the world in terms of travel freedom (tied with Danish, Dutch, and Swedish passports) according to the Henley Passport Index. __TOC__ Visa requirements map Visa requirements Territories and disputed areas Visa requirements for Austrian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones: ;Europe * — Visa required. * — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan. * Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umlaut (linguistics)
In linguistics, umlaut (from German "sound alternation") is a sound change in which a vowel is pronounced more like a following vowel or semivowel. The term ''umlaut'' was originally coined in connection with the study of Germanic languages, as it had occurred prominently in the history of many of them (see Germanic umlaut). While a common English plural is umlauts, the German plural is Umlaute. Umlaut is a form of assimilation, the process of one speech sound becoming more similar to a nearby sound. If a word has two vowels, one back in the mouth and the other forward, it takes more effort to pronounce. If the vowels were closer together, it would take less effort. Thus, one way the language may change is that these two vowels get drawn closer together. The phenomenon is also known as vowel harmony, the complete or partial identity of vowels within a domain, typically a word. Thus, in Old High German, the word ''gast'' 'guest' had the plural form ''gesti'' 'guests': the plu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Orthography
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic. However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its spelling once the spelling rules are known, but the opposite is not generally the case. Today, Standard High German orthography is regulated by the (Council for German Orthography), composed of representatives from most German-speaking countries. Alphabet The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet plus four special letters. Basic alphabet 1in Germany 2in Austria Special letters German has four special letters; three are vowels accented with an umlaut () and one is a ligature of and (; called "ess-zed/zee" or "sharp s"), all of which are officially considered distinct letters of the alphabet, and have their own names separate fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airplane Ticket
An airline ticket is a document or electronic record, issued by an airline or a travel agency, that confirms that an individual is entitled to a seat on a flight on an aircraft. The airline ticket may be one of two types: a ''paper ticket'', which comprises coupons or vouchers; and an electronic ticket (commonly referred to as an ''e-ticket''). The ticket, in either form, is required to obtain a boarding pass during check-in at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. Details Regardless of the type, tickets contain the following information: *The passenger's name *The issuing airline *A ticket number, including the airline's three-digit code at the start of the number *The cities between which the ticket is valid for travel *Flight for which the ticket is valid (unless the ticket is "open") *Baggage allowance. (Not always visible on a printout but recorded electronically for the airline) *Fare. (Not alway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine-readable Zone
A machine-readable passport (MRP) is a machine-readable travel document (MRTD) with the data on the identity page encoded in optical character recognition format. Many countries began to issue machine-readable travel documents in the 1980s. Most travel passports worldwide are MRPs. They are standardized by the ''ICAO Document 9303'' (endorsed by the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission as ISO/IEC 7501-1) and have a special ''machine-readable zone'' (''MRZ''), which is usually at the bottom of the identity page at the beginning of a passport. The ICAO 9303 describes three types of documents corresponding to the ISO/IEC 7810 sizes: * "Type 3" is typical of passport booklets. The MRZ consists of 2 lines × 44 characters. * "Type 2" is relatively rare with 2 lines × 36 characters. * "Type 1" is of a credit card-size with 3 lines × 30 characters. The fixed format allows specification of document type, name, document number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umlaut (diacritic)
The umlaut () is the diacritical mark used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters , , and ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ). (The term ermanicumlaut is also used for the underlying historical sound shift process.) In its contemporary printed form, the mark consists of two dots placed over the letter to represent the changed vowel sound. It looks identical to the diaeresis mark used in other European languages and is represented by the same Unicode code point. The word '' trema'' (french: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, describes the form of both the umlaut diacritic and the diaeresis rather than their function and can therefore be used to refer to both. German origin and current usage (literally "changed sound") is the German name of the sound shift phenomenon also known as ''i-mutation''. In German, this term is also used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
