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Australian Council For Civil Liberties
Liberty Victoria, officially the Victorian Council for Civil Liberties (VCCL) and formerly Australian Council for Civil Liberties (ACCL), is a civil liberties group based in Victoria, Australia. History The Australian Council for Civil Liberties (ACCL) was established in Melbourne in 1936. Foundation member Brian Fitzpatrick led the organisation as general secretary until his death in 1965. In 1966, John Tuson Bennett and Beatrice Faust launched the Victorian Council of Civil Liberties (VCCL). and Bennett served as its secretary until being expelled from the group in 1980. The new body had no ties with former council members, and no political and religious affiliations, unlike the ACCL, which was affiliated to the Labor Party. The VCCL focused largely on police matters, in particular their actions in response to protests against the Vietnam War around 1970. Disagreements arose between conservative and radical members, and Bennett was expelled from the Labor Party, and in May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Liberties
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process. Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties may include the Freedom of thought, freedom of conscience, Freedom of the press, freedom of press, freedom of religion, Freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, the right to security and liberty, freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to Equality before the law, equal treatment under the law and due process, the right to a fair trial, and the right to life. Other civil liberties include the Right to property, right to own property, the Self-defense, right to defend oneself, and the right to bodily integrity. Within the distinctions between civil liberties and other types of liberty, distinctions exist between positive liberty/Negative and positive rights, positive rights and negative liberty/Negative and positi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia Card
The Australia Card was a proposal for a national identification card for Australian citizens and resident foreigners. The proposal was made in 1985, and abandoned in 1987. History The idea for the card was raised at the national Tax Summit in 1985 convened by the then Federal Labor government led by Bob Hawke. The card was to amalgamate other government identification systems and act against tax avoidance, and health and welfare fraud. The government introduced legislation in the parliament in 1986, but it did not have a majority in the Senate and was repeatedly blocked by the opposition and minor parties. Due to his opposition to the card, ALP senator George Georges resigned from the party to sit as an independent in December 1986. In the House of Representatives, ALP backbencher Lewis Kent said the card was un-Australian and that it would be more appropriate to call it a "Hitlercard or Stalincard". In response, Hawke asked the Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julia Kretzenbacher
Julia is usually a feminine given name. It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julio and Julius. (For further details on etymology, see the Wiktionary entry "Julius".) The given name ''Julia'' had been in use throughout Late Antiquity (e.g. Julia of Corsica) but became rare during the Middle Ages, and was revived only with the Italian Renaissance. It became common in the English-speaking world only in the 18th century. Today, it is frequently used throughout the world. Statistics Julia was the 10th most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007 and the 88th most popular name for women in the 1990 census there. It has been among the top 150 names given to girls in the United States for the past 100 years. It was the 89th most popular name for girls born in England and Wales in 2007; the 94th most popular name for girls born in Scotland in 2007; the 13th most popular name for girls born in Spain in 2006; the 5th most popular name for girls born in Sweden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ron Merkel
Ron is a shortening of the name Ronald. Ron or RON may also refer to: Arts and media * Big Ron (''EastEnders''), a TV character * Ron (''King of Fighters''), a video game character *Ron Douglas, the protagonist in ''Lucky Stiff'' played by Joe Alasky *Ron Weasley, a character in ''Harry Potter.'' Language * Ron language, spoken in Plat State, Nigeria * Romanian language (ISO 639-3 code ron) People Mononym *Ron (singer), Rosalino Cellamare (born 1953), Italian singer Given name *Ron (given name) Surname *Dana Ron (born 1964), Israeli computer scientist and professor * Elaine Ron (1943-2010), American epidemiologist * Emri Ron (born 1936), Israeli politician *Ivo Ron (born 1967), Ecuadorian football player * Jason De Ron (born 1973), Australian musician * José Ron (born 1981), Mexican actor * Liat Ron, actress, dancer and dance instructor * * Lior Ron (born 1982), Israeli-American film and trailer composer and musician * Michael Ron (born 1932), Israeli fencer * Michael Rø ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Maxwell (jurist)
Christopher Murray Maxwell is an Australian jurist. He succeeded Justice John Winneke as President of the Victorian Court of Appeal on 16 July 2005. Career Maxwell was educated at Melbourne Grammar School and the University of Melbourne where he was resident at Trinity College. He played rugby and Australian rules football at Trinity, where he was the senior student in 1973. After graduating with honours in 1974, he was selected as Victorian Rhodes Scholar for 1975, completing a Bachelor of Philosophy at Oxford University. In 1978, he became a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London practising briefly at the English Bar. In 1979, he returned to Melbourne working as a solicitor at law firm Phillips Fox. In 1981, he became principal private secretary to ALP Senator Gareth Evans who was appointed as federal Attorney-General in 1983. In 1983, he left to become a barrister in Victoria and was variously reader for Kenneth Hayne QC and reader for Ross Robson QC. He signed the Victorian B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Burnside
Julian William Kennedy Burnside (born 9 June 1949) is an Australian barrister, human rights and refugee advocate, and author. He practises principally in commercial litigation, trade practices and administrative law. He is known for his staunch opposition to the mandatory detention of asylum seekers, and has provided legal counsel in a wide variety of high-profile cases. He was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2009, "for service as a human rights advocate, particularly for refugees and asylum seekers, to the arts as a patron and fundraiser, and to the law." He unsuccessfully stood for the Division of Kooyong at the 2019 federal election as an Australian Greens candidate, but achieved the highest vote for the Greens in the seat at a federal election and allowed the party to enter into the two-party preferred vote. Early life Burnside was born in Melbourne, Victoria to Kennedy Byron Burnside and Olwen Lloyd Banks. His father was a prominent surgeon and his grandmoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Court Of Australia
The Federal Court of Australia is an Australian superior court of record which has jurisdiction to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) and indictable (more serious) criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance by single judges. The court includes an appeal division referred to as the Full Court comprising three judges, the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the supreme courts of each of the states and territories. In relation to the other courts in the federal stream, it is superior to the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia for all jurisdictions except family law. It was established in 1976 by the Federal Court of Australia Act. The Chief Justice of the Federal Court is James Allsop. Jurisdiction The Federal Court has no inherent jurisdicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian Bar
The Victorian Bar is the bar association of the Australian State of Victoria. The current President of the Bar is Roisin Annesley KC. Its members are barristers registered to practice in Victoria. On 30 June 2020, there were 2,179 counsels practising as members of the Victorian Bar. Those who have been admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Victoria, are eligible to join the Victorian Bar after sitting an entrance exam and completing a Bar readers' course. The Victorian Bar is affiliated with the Australian Bar Association and is a member of the Law Council of Australia. The first association of barristers in Victoria was formed in 1884, although the first barristers admitted to practice in Victoria were appointed in 1841. On 20 June 1900, an official Bar Council was established, and a Bar Roll was started. By 1902, all barristers practicing in Melbourne had signed the Roll. To this day, new barristers sign the Roll when they are admitted to the Bar. As of June 2019, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Assange
Julian Paul Assange ( ; Hawkins; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006. WikiLeaks came to international attention in 2010 when it published a series of leaks provided by U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning. These leaks included the Baghdad airstrike ''Collateral Murder'' video (April 2010),, 5 April 2000. Retrieved 28 March 2014. the Afghanistan war logs (July 2010), the Iraq war logs (October 2010), and Cablegate (November 2010). After the 2010 leaks, the United States government launched a criminal investigation into WikiLeaks. In November 2010, Sweden issued a European arrest warrant for Assange over allegations of sexual misconduct. Assange said the allegations were a pretext for his extradition from Sweden to the United States over his role in the publication of secret American documents. After losing his battle against extradition to Sweden, he breached bail and took refuge in the Embassy of Ecua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WikiLeaks
WikiLeaks () is an international Nonprofit organization, non-profit organisation that published news leaks and classified media provided by anonymous Source (journalism), sources. Julian Assange, an Australian Internet activism, Internet activist, is generally described as its founder and director and is currently Indictment and arrest of Julian Assange, fighting extradition to the United States over his work with WikiLeaks. Since September 2018, Kristinn Hrafnsson has served as its editor-in-chief. Its website stated in 2015 that it had released online 10 million documents since beginning in 2006 in Iceland. In 2019, WikiLeaks posted its last collection of original documents. Beginning in November 2022, only around 3,000 documents could be accessed. The group has released a number of List of material published by WikiLeaks, prominent document caches that exposed serious violations of human rights and civil liberties to the US and international public, including the ''July 12, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Order
In modern politics, law and order is the approach focusing on harsher enforcement and penalties as ways to reduce crime. Penalties for perpetrators of disorder may include longer terms of imprisonment, mandatory sentencing, three-strikes laws and even capital punishment in some countries. This has been credited with facilitating greater militarisation of police and contributing to mass incarceration in the United States. Supporters of "law and order" argue that incarceration is the most effective means of crime prevention. Opponents argue that a system of harsh criminal punishment is ultimately ineffective because it self-perpetuates crime and does not address underlying or systemic causes of crime. Despite the widespread popularity of "law and order" ideas and approaches between the 1960s to the 1980s exemplified by presidential candidates including Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan running successfully on a "tough-on-crime" platform, statistics on crime showed a significa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tampa Affair
In late August 2001, the Howard Government of Australia refused permission for the Norwegian freighter MV ''Tampa'', carrying 433 rescued refugees (predominantly Hazaras of Afghanistan from a distressed fishing vessel in international waters) and 5 crew, to enter Australian waters. This triggered an Australian political controversy in the lead-up to the 2001 federal election, and a diplomatic dispute between Australia and Norway. The MV Tampa was a so called ro-ro ship. Ro-ro is an abbreviation of roll-on/roll off. These ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo. When the ''Tampa'' entered Australian waters, the Prime Minister ordered the shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
