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Aurea Alexandrina
Aurea Alexandrina, in pharmacy, was a kind of opiate or antidote, in great fame among ancient writers. It is called ''Aurea'' from the gold which enters its composition, and ''Alexandrina'' as having been first invented by a physician named Nicolaus Myresus Alexandrinus. It was reputed a good preservative against the colic and apoplexy Apoplexy () is rupture of an internal organ and the accompanying symptoms. The term formerly referred to what is now called a stroke. Nowadays, health care professionals do not use the term, but instead specify the anatomic location of the bleedi ... References Opioids Antidotes {{pharm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy. The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing of medications. It also includes more modern services related to health care including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are experts on drug therapy and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opiate
An opiate, in classical pharmacology, is a substance derived from opium. In more modern usage, the term ''opioid'' is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain (including antagonists). Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant ''Papaver somniferum''. The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Opiates have long been used for a variety of medical conditions with evidence of opiate trade and use for pain relief as early as the eighth century AD. Opiates are considered drugs with moderate to high abuse potential and are listed on various "Substance-Control Schedules" under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of the United States of America. In 2014, between 13 and 20 million people used opiates recreationally (0.3% to 0.4% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). According to the CDC, from this population, there were 47,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antidote
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον ''(pharmakon) antidoton'', "(medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. The antidotes for some particular toxins are manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and extracting the resulting antibodies from the host animals' blood. This results in an antivenom that can be used to counteract venom produced by certain species of snakes, spiders, and other venomous animals. Some animal venoms, especially those produced by arthropods (such as certain spiders, scorpions, and bees) are only potentially lethal when they provoke allergic reactions and induce anaphylactic shock; as such, there is no "antidote" for these venoms; however anaphylactic shock can be treated (e.g. with epinephrine). Some other toxins have no known antidote. For example, the pois ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Myrepsos
Nicholas Myrepsos (or ''Nicolaus Myrepsus''; el, Νικόλαος Μυρεψός; flourished c. 1240–80) was a Byzantine physician known chiefly for his compendium on medical science which is still extant. Life Little is known about the life of Nicholas. He is probably the same physician who is mentioned by George Acropolites as being eminent in his profession, but very ignorant of natural philosophy. He was at the court of John III Doukas Vatatzes at Nicaea, when the eclipse of the sun took place October 6 1241, that shortly preceded the death of the empress Irene. Here he was held in great esteem by the emperor, and attained the dignity of '' actuarius''. All this agrees very well with the scattered notices of his date and his personal history that we find in his own work. He mentions Mesue the Younger, who died 1015; "Michael Angelus regalis," who is probably Michael VIII Palaiologos who began to reign 1259; "Papa Nicolaus," who seems to be Pope Nicholas III, who began to reign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colic
Colic or cholic () is a form of pain that starts and stops abruptly. It occurs due to muscular contractions of a hollow tube ( small and large intestine, gall bladder, ureter, etc.) in an attempt to relieve an obstruction by forcing content out. It may be accompanied by sweating and vomiting. Types include: *Baby colic, a condition, usually in infants, characterized by incessant crying *Biliary colic, blockage by a gallstone of the common bile duct or cystic duct *Devon colic or painter's colic, a condition caused by lead poisoning * Horse colic, a potentially fatal condition experienced by horses, caused by intestinal displacement or blockage *Renal colic, a pain in the flank, characteristic of kidney stones The term is from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoplexy
Apoplexy () is rupture of an internal organ and the accompanying symptoms. The term formerly referred to what is now called a stroke. Nowadays, health care professionals do not use the term, but instead specify the anatomic location of the bleeding, such as cerebral, ovarian or pituitary. Informally or metaphorically, the term ''apoplexy'' is associated with being furious, especially as "apoplectic". Historical meaning From the late 14th to the late 19th century,''OED Online'', 2010, Oxford University Press. 7 February 2011 ''apoplexy'' referred to any sudden death that began with a sudden loss of consciousness, especially one in which the victim died within a matter of seconds after losing consciousness. The word ''apoplexy'' was sometimes used to refer to the symptom of sudden loss of consciousness immediately preceding death. Ruptured aortic aneurysms, and even heart attacks and strokes were referred to as apoplexy in the past, because before the advent of medical science, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opioids
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid use disorder, reversing opioid overdose, and suppressing cough. Extremely potent opioids such as carfentanil are approved only for veterinary use. Opioids are also frequently used non-medically for their euphoric effects or to prevent withdrawal. Opioids can cause death and have been used for executions in the United States. Side effects of opioids may include itchiness, sedation, nausea, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria. Long-term use can cause tolerance, meaning that increased doses are required to achieve the same effect, and physical dependence, meaning that abruptly discontinuing the drug leads to unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. The euphoria attracts recreational use, and frequent, escalating recreational use of o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
