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Astatine Monoiodide
Astatine iodide is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula At I. It is the second heaviest known interhalogen compound, after iodine tribromide. Production Astatine iodide is produced by the direct combination of astatine and iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ... in a 1:1 molar ratio: :2 At + I2 → 2 AtI References Bibliography * {{Iodides Interhalogen compounds Diatomic molecules Astatine compounds Iodine compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astatine Monobromide
Astatine bromide is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula At Br. Production Astatine bromide is produced by the reaction of astatine with an aqueous solution of iodine monobromide: :At2 + 2 IBr → 2 AtBr + I2 Astatine bromide also can produce by reacting elemental astatine and bromine Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest element in group 17 of the periodic table (halogens) and is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a simila ...:Argonne National Laboratory Annual Report 1965. pp 62. chemistry of astatine.Google Books :At2 +Br2→ 2 AtBr References Bibliography * {{bromine compounds Interhalogen compounds Diatomic molecules Astatine compounds Bromides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astatine Monochloride
In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine) and no atoms of elements from any other group. Most interhalogen compounds known are binary (composed of only two distinct elements). Their formulae are generally , where ''n'' = 1, 3, 5 or 7, and X is the less electronegative of the two halogens. The value of ''n'' in interhalogens is always odd, because of the odd valence of halogens. They are all prone to hydrolysis, and ionize to give rise to polyhalogen ions. Those formed with astatine have a very short half-life due to astatine being intensely radioactive. No interhalogen compounds containing three or more different halogens are definitely known, although a few books claim that and have been obtained, and theoretical studies seem to indicate that some compounds in the series are barely stable. Some interhalogens, such as , , and , are good halogenating agents. is to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine Monochloride
Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula . It is a red-brown chemical compound that melts near room temperature. Because of the difference in the electronegativity of iodine and chlorine, this molecule is highly polar and behaves as a source of I+. Preparation Iodine monochloride is produced simply by combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation : When chlorine gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into iodine trichloride in a reversible reaction: : Polymorphs has two polymorphs; α-ICl, which exists as black needles (red by transmitted light) with a melting point of 27.2 °C, and β-ICl, which exists as black platelets (red-brown by transmitted light) with a melting point 13.9 °C.Brisbois, R. G.; Wanke, R. A.; Stubbs, K. A.; Stick, R. V. "Iodine Monochloride" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine Monofluoride
Iodine monofluoride is an interhalogen compound of iodine and fluorine with formula IF. It is a chocolate-brown solid that decomposes at 0 °C, disproportionating to elemental iodine and iodine pentafluoride: :5 IF → 2 I2 + IF5 However, its molecular properties can still be precisely determined by spectroscopy: the iodine-fluorine distance is 190.9 pm and the I−F bond dissociation energy is around 277 kJ mol−1. At 298 K, its standard enthalpy change of formation is Δ''H''f° = −95.4 kJ mol−1, and its Gibbs free energy is Δ''G''f° = −117.6 kJ mol−1. It can be generated, albeit only fleetingly, by the reaction of the elements at −45 °C in CCl3F: :I2 + F2 → 2 IF It can also be generated by the reaction of iodine with iodine trifluoride at −78 °C in CCl3F: :I2 + IF3 → 3 IF The reaction of iodine with silver(I) fluoride Silver(I) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula AgF. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromine Monochloride
Bromine monochloride, also called bromine(I) chloride, bromochloride, and bromine chloride, is an interhalogen inorganic compound with chemical formula BrCl. It is a very reactive golden yellow gas with boiling point 5 °C and melting point −66 °C. Its CAS number is 13863-41-7, and its EINECS number is 237-601-4. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Uses Bromine monochloride is used in analytical chemistry in determining low levels of mercury, to quantitatively oxidize mercury in the sample to Hg(II) state. A common use of bromine monochloride is as an algaecide, fungicide, and disinfectant of industrial recirculating cooling water systems. Addition of bromine monochloride is used in some types of Li-SO2 batteries to increase voltage and energy density. See also * List of highly toxic gases * Interhalogen compounds In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms ( fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interhalogen
In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine) and no atoms of elements from any other group. Most interhalogen compounds known are binary (composed of only two distinct elements). Their formulae are generally , where ''n'' = 1, 3, 5 or 7, and X is the less electronegative of the two halogens. The value of ''n'' in interhalogens is always odd, because of the odd valence of halogens. They are all prone to hydrolysis, and ionize to give rise to polyhalogen ions. Those formed with astatine have a very short half-life due to astatine being intensely radioactive. No interhalogen compounds containing three or more different halogens are definitely known, although a few books claim that and have been obtained, and theoretical studies seem to indicate that some compounds in the series are barely stable. Some interhalogens, such as , , and , are good halogenating agents. is to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astatine
Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. A sample of the pure element has never been assembled, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with certainty. Many of them have been estimated from the element's position on the periodic table as a heavier analog of iodine, and a member of the halogens (the group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine). However, astatine also falls roughly along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and some metallic behavior has also been observed and predicted for it. Astatine is likely to have a dark or lustrous appearance and may be a semiconductor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek 'violet-coloured'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine Tribromide
Iodine tribromide is an interhalogen with chemical formula IBr3. Properties Iodine tribromide is a dark brown liquid that is miscible with ethanol and ethers.Dr. Bernd Dill (Hrsg.), Prof. Dr. Fred Robert Heiker (Hrsg.), Prof. Dr. Andreas Kirschning (Hrsg.): '' Römpp Chemie Lexikon''. 9. Auflage, Band 3, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1992, , S. 2019. Uses Iodine tribromide can be used as a brominated flame retardant when producing semiconductors. It also can be used in dry etching Dry etching refers to the removal of material, typically a masked pattern of semiconductor material, by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions (usually a plasma of reactive gases such as fluorocarbons, oxygen, chlorine, boron trichloride; ....Römpp Online (kostenpflichtige Registrierung erforderlich) References {{bromides ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astatine
Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. A sample of the pure element has never been assembled, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with certainty. Many of them have been estimated from the element's position on the periodic table as a heavier analog of iodine, and a member of the halogens (the group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine). However, astatine also falls roughly along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and some metallic behavior has also been observed and predicted for it. Astatine is likely to have a dark or lustrous appearance and may be a semiconductor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek 'violet-coloured'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American multinational publishing company founded in 1807 that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company produces books, journals, and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services, training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students. History The company was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles. The firm took its current name in 1865. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, technical, and engineering subject areas, abandoning its literary interests. Wiley's son John (born in Flatbush, New York, October 4, 1808; died in East Orange, New Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
