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Ascochyta Pinodes
''Didymella pinodes'' (syn. ''Mycosphaerella pinodes'') is a hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen and the causal agent of ascochyta blight on pea plants. It is infective on several species such as ''Lathyrus sativus'', ''Lupinus albus'', ''Medicago spp.'', ''Trifolium spp.'', ''Vicia sativa'', and ''Vicia articulata'', and is thus defined as broadrange pathogen. Symptoms Symptoms include lesions on leaves, stem and pods of plants. The disease is difficult to distinguish from blight caused by ''Ascochyta pisi'', though ''D. pinodes'' is the more aggressive of the two pathogens. Epidemiology The disease cycle starts with dissemination of ascospores after which germination pycnidia rapidly develop. Pycnidiaspores quickly disperse by rain splashes are responsible for reinfection over short distances. Consequently, production of pseudothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Pea (Pisum)
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the flowering plant species ''Pisum sativum''. Each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae such as the pigeon pea (''Cajanus cajan''), the cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata''), and the seeds from several species of ''Lathyrus''. Peas are annual plants, with a life cycle of one year. They are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world; planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 gram. The immature peas (and in snow peas the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned; varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from a matured pod. These are the basi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathology
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other Plant defense against herbivory, pests that affect plant health by eating Plant tissue, plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascochyta Diseases Of Pea
Ascochyta blights occur throughout the world and can be of significant economic importance. Three fungi contribute to the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea (''Pisum sativum''). ''Ascochyta pinodes'' (sexual stage: '' Mycosphaerella pinodes'') causes ''Mycosphaerella'' blight. '' Ascochyta pinodella'' (synonym: ''Phoma medicaginis'' var. ''pinodella'') causes ''Ascochyta'' foot rot, and ''Ascochyta pisi'' causes Ascochyta blight and pod spot. Of the three fungi, ''Ascochyta pinodes'' is of the most importance. These diseases are conducive under wet and humid conditions and can cause a yield loss of up to fifty percent if left uncontrolled. The best method to control ascochyta blights of pea is to reduce the amount of primary inoculum through sanitation, crop-rotation, and altering the sowing date. Other methods—chemical control, biological control, and development of resistant varieties—may also be used to effectively control ascochyta diseases. Host and symptoms The asco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lathyrus Sativus
''Lathyrus sativus'', also known as grass pea, cicerchia, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch,''Kew Gardens'''Lathyrus sativus'' (grass pea) is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. The Serra de'Conti Cicerchia is included in the Ark of Taste. The seeds contain a neurotoxin that causes lathyrism, a neurodegenerative disease, if eaten as a primary protein source for a prolonged period. Cultivation ''Lathyrus sativus'' grows best where the average temperature is 10–25 °C and average rainfall is per year. Like other legumes, it improves the nitrogen content of soil. The crop can survive drought or floods, but grows best in moist soils. It tolerates a range of soil types from l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupinus Albus
''Lupinus albus'', commonly known as the white lupin or field lupine, is a member of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region. Description The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 to 120 cm high, has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region. White lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern Balkans, the Italian mainland region of Apulia, the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, and the Aegean Sea, as well as in Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and western Anatolia. It occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils. It is cultivated over all the Mediterranean region and also in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Syria, Central and Western Europe, USA and South America, Tropical and Southern Africa, Russia, and Ukraine. The ancient culture of white lupin under the local name "hanchcoly" was practiced until recently in Western Georgi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicago
''Medicago'' is a genus of flowering plants, commonly known as medick or burclover, in the legume family (Fabaceae). It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin. The best-known member of the genus is alfalfa (''M. sativa''), an important forage crop, and the genus name is based on the Latin name for that plant, , from el, μηδική (πόα) Median (grass). Most members of the genus are low, creeping herbs, resembling clover, but with burs (hence the common name). However, alfalfa grows to a height of 1 meter, and tree medick (''M. arborea'') is a shrub. Members of the genus are known to produce bioactive compounds such as medicarpin (a flavonoid) and medicagenic acid (a triterpenoid saponin). Chromosome numbers in ''Medicago'' range from 2''n'' = 14 to 48. The species ''Medicago truncatula'' is a model legume due to its relatively small stature, small genome (450–500 Mbp), short generation time (about 3 months), and ability to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trifolium
Clover or trefoil are common names for plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (from Latin ''tres'' 'three' + ''folium'' 'leaf'), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume or pea family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with highest diversity in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics. They are small annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbaceous plants, typically growing up to 30 cm tall. The leaves are trifoliate (rarely quatrefoiled; see four-leaf clover), monofoil, bifoil, cinquefoil, hexafoil, septfoil, etcetera, with stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk, and heads or dense spikes of small red, purple, white, or yellow flowers; the small, few-seeded pods are enclosed in the calyx. Other closely related genera often called clovers include ''Melilotus'' (sweet clover) and '' Medicago'' (alfalfa or Calvary clover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicia Sativa
''Vicia sativa'', known as the common vetch, garden vetch, tare or simply vetch, is a nitrogen-fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae. It is likely native to North Africa, Western Asia and Europe, but is now naturalized in temperate and subtropical regions worldwide. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as a green manure, livestock fodder or rotation crop. More than per year of ''Vicia sativa'' is grown in Australia. Description ''Vicia sativa'' is a sprawling annual herb, with hollow, four-sided, hairless to sparsely hairy stems which can reach two meters in maximum length. The leaves are stipulate, alternate and compound, each made up of 3–8 opposite pairs of linear, lance-shaped, oblong, or wedge-shaped, needle-tipped leaflets up to long. Each compound leaf ends in a branched tendril. The pea-like flowers occur in the leaf axils, solitary or in pairs. The flower corolla is long and bright ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascochyta Pisi
''Ascochyta pisi'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes ascochyta blight on pea, causing lesions of stems, leaves, and pods. These same symptoms can also be caused by '' Ascochyta pinodes'', and the two fungi are not easily distinguishable. Hosts and symptoms The host of ''Ascochyta pisi'' is the field pea (''Pisum sativum L.''). ''Ascochyta pisi'' also infects 20 genera of plants and more than 50 plant species including soybean, sweet pea, lentil, alfalfa, common bean, clover, black-eyed-pea, and broad bean. Field pea is an annual, cool season legume that is native to northwest and southwest Asia. Ascochyta blight of peas is one of the most important diseases of pea in terms of acreage affected. Yield losses of 5 to 15% are common during ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mycosphaerella Species
This is a list of fungi species belonging to the genus ''Mycosphaerella''. The genus includes at least 10,000 species. A *'' Mycosphaerella abutilontidicola'' *'' Mycosphaerella acaciae'' *'' Mycosphaerella acaciigena'' *'' Mycosphaerella acanthopanacis'' *'' Mycosphaerella aceris'' *'' Mycosphaerella acerna'' *'' Mycosphaerella achilleae'' *'' Mycosphaerella acicola'' *'' Mycosphaerella acilegna'' *'' Mycosphaerella aconitorum'' *'' Mycosphaerella acori'' *'' Mycosphaerella acrocomiicola'' *'' Mycosphaerella actaeae'' *'' Mycosphaerella actinidiae'' *'' Mycosphaerella adenophorae'' *'' Mycosphaerella adhatodae'' *'' Mycosphaerella adonidina'' *'' Mycosphaerella advena'' *'' Mycosphaerella aeluropodis'' *'' Mycosphaerella aequatoriensis'' *'' Mycosphaerella aesculi'' *'' Mycosphaerella aethiops'' *'' Mycosphaerella afghanica'' *'' Mycosphaerella africana'' *'' Mycosphaerella agapanthi'' *'' Mycosphaerella agapanthi-umbellati'' *'' Mycosphaerella agaves'' *'' Mycosphaerella aggreg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
