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Aryan Paragraph
An Aryan paragraph () was a clause in the statutes of an organisation, corporation, or real estate deed that reserved membership or right of residence solely for members of the "Aryan race" and excluded from such rights any non-Aryans, particularly those of Jewish and Slavic descent. They were an omnipresent aspect of public life in Germany and Austria from 1885 to 1945. One of the first documented examples of such a paragraph was written by the Austrian nationalist leader and anti-Semite Georg von Schönerer in his nationalistic Linz Program of 1882, and countless German national sports-clubs, song societies, school clubs, harvest circles and fraternities followed suit. In Nazi Germany The best-known Aryan paragraphs are in the legislation of Nazi Germany. They served to exclude Jews from organisations, federations, political parties, and, ultimately, all public life. Besides Jews, people not considered Aryans included Poles, Serbs, Russians, and other Slavs. Based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryan Race
The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concepts, historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a Race (human categorization), racial grouping. The terminology derives from the historical usage of Aryan, used by modern Indo-Iranians as an epithet of "noble". Anthropology, Anthropological, Human history, historical, and Archaeology, archaeological evidence does not support the validity of this concept. The concept derives from the notion that the original speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language were distinct progenitors of a superior specimen of humankind, and that their descendants up to the present day constitute either a distinctive race or a sub-race of the Caucasian race, alongside the Semitic people, Semitic race and the Hamites, Hamitic race. This Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic approach to categorizing human population groups is now considered to be misguided and biologically m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity, ever since the Middle Ages. By total numbers, they compose the largest Slavs, Slavic and Ethnic groups in Europe, European nation. Genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Polish people, Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians, as well as Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Finns. They were formed from East Slavic tribes, and their cultural ancestry is based in Kievan Rus'. The Russian word for the Russians is derived from the Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia, people of Rus' and the territory of Rus'. Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples, and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. The vast majority of Russians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Slavic Sentiment
Anti-Slavic sentiment, also called Slavophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination directed at the various Slavic peoples. Accompanying racism and xenophobia, the most common manifestation of anti-Slavic sentiment throughout history has been the assertion that some Slavs are inferior to other peoples. This sentiment peaked during World War II, when Nazi Germany classified most of the Slavs— especially the Poles, Russians, Belarusians, Serbs, Ukrainians, and Croats —as "subhumans" () and planned to exterminate a large number of them through the ''Generalplan Ost'' and Hunger Plan. Slavophobia also emerged twice in the United States: the first time was during the Progressive Era, when immigrants from Eastern Europe were met with opposition from the dominant class of Western European–origin American citizens; and again during the Cold War, when the United States became locked in an intensive global rivalry with the Soviet Union.Roucek, Joseph S. “The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahnenpass
The ''Ahnenpaß'' (literally, "ancestor pass") documented the Aryan lineage of people "of German blood" in Nazi Germany. It was one of the forms of the Aryan certificate (''Ariernachweis'') and issued by the "Reich Association of Marriage Registrars in Germany" (''Reichsverband der Standesbeamten in Deutschland e. V.''). The term Aryan in this context was used in a sense widely accepted in the " race science" of the time, which considered that there was a Caucasian race which was sub-divided into Semitic, Hamitic, and Aryan (Japhetic) subraces, the latter corresponding to the Indo-European language family. The Nazi ideology limited the category Aryan to certain subgroups, while excluding Slavs as non-Aryan. The actual primary objective was to create extensive profiling based on racial data. The investigation for lineage was not obligatory, as it was a major undertaking to research the original documents for birth and marriage. Many Nazi followers had already begun to rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confessing Church
The Confessing Church (, ) was a movement within German Protestantism in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all of the Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi German Evangelical Church. See drop-down essay on "Unification, World Wars, and Nazism" Demographics The following statistics (as of January 1933 unless otherwise stated) are an aid in understanding the context of the political and theological developments discussed in this article. *Number of Protestants in Germany: 45 million *Number of free church Protestants: 150,000 *Largest regional Protestant church: Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union (), with 18 million members, the church strongest in members in the country at the time. *Number of Protestant pastors: 18,000 **Number of Protestant pastors who strongly adhered to the beliefs of the " German Christian" church faction as of 1935: 3000 **Number of Protestant pastors who strongly adhered to the beliefs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mischlinge
(; ; ) was a pejorative legal term which was used in Nazi Germany to denote persons of mixed "Aryan" and "non-Aryan", such as Jewish, ancestry as they were classified by the Nuremberg racial laws of 1935. In German, the word has the general denotation of ' hybrid', 'mongrel', or ' half-breed'. Outside its use in official Nazi terminology, the term ('mixed children') was later used to refer to war babies born to non-white soldiers and German mothers in the aftermath of World War II. Nazi definitions of Mischling Nazis relied on one's ancestors' religious backgrounds to determine whether someone was of "German or related blood" ("Aryan") or a "Jew" ("non-Aryan"). Thus, the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 defined a "full Jew" (''Istjude'' or ''Volljude'' in Nazi terminology) as a person – regardless of religious affiliation or self-identification – who had at least three grandparents who had been enrolled with a Jewish congregation or were married to a Jewish spouse. A person with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorary Aryan
Honorary Aryan () was a semi-official category and expression used in Nazi Germany and its territories to justify certain individuals who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, were not recognized as belonging to the Aryan race, but who were nonetheless spared persecution and granted equal rights, although they continued to be regarded as inferior to the Aryan race. The bestowal of the status of "Honorary Aryan" upon certain "non- Aryan" people or peoples was typically not well-documented, due to the semi-official nature of the category. Rationales included the services of those individuals or peoples who were deemed valuable to the German economy or war effort, political considerations, and propaganda value. Some Mischling (individuals of mixed European and “Non-Aryan” ancestry) were granted ''Honorary Aryan'' status for their contributions to Germany and loyalty to the Nazi Party. In the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi client state, this term was used by Ante Pavelić ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Nazi Germany
This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime. Some words were coined by Adolf Hitler and other Nazi Party members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use during the Weimar Republic. Finally, some are taken from Germany's cultural tradition. 0–9 * National Socialist Program, 25-point programme – The Nazi Party platform and a codification of its ideology. A * ''Abbeförderung'' ('dispatching', 'removal') – euphemism for killing. * ''abgeräumt'' ('cleared away') – slang expression for "murdered". * ''Abhörverbrecher'' ('wiretapping criminal') – Germans and others in the occupied countries who illegally listened to foreign news broadcasts. * ''Abkindern'' – an ironically intended colloquial designation for the cancellation of a marriage loan through the production of offspring. In German language, German, ''ab'' means "off" and ''Kind'' me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws (, ) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. The two laws were the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, which forbade marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans and the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households; and the Reich Citizenship Law, which declared that only those of German or related blood were eligible to be Reich citizens. The remainder were classed as state subjects without any citizenship rights. A supplementary decree outlining the definition of who was Jewish was passed on 14 November, and the Reich Citizenship Law officially came into force on that date. The laws were expanded on 26 November 1935 to include Romani and Black people. This supplementary decree defined Romani people as "enemies of the race-based state", the same category ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichserbhofgesetz
The ''Reichserbhofgesetz'', the Hereditary Farm Law, of 1933 was a Nazi law to implement principles of blood and soil, stating that its aim was to: "preserve the farming community as the blood-source of the German people". As farmers appeared in Nazi ideology as a source of economics and racial stability, the law was implemented to protect them from the forces of modernization. Conditions Any farm of at least one ''Ackernahrung'', an area of land large enough to support a family and evaluated from 7.5 to 125 hectares (19–309 acres), was declared a Hereditary farm (''Erbhof''), to pass from father to son, without the possibility to be mortgaged or alienated. Only those peasants were entitled to call themselves "farmers" (''Bauern''), a term the Nazis attempted to refurbish from a neutral or even pejorative to a positive term. Richard Grunberger, ''The 12-Year Reich'', pp 156-7, A Greater Aryan certificate was required to receive its benefits, similar to the requirements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichskulturkammer
The Reich Chamber of Culture (''Reichskulturkammer'', abbreviated as RKK) was a government agency in Nazi Germany. It was established by law on 22 September 1933 in the course of the '' Gleichschaltung'' process at the instigation of Reich Minister Joseph Goebbels as a professional organization of all German creative artists. Defying the competing ambitions of the German Labour Front (DAF) under Goebbels' rival Robert Ley, it was meant to gain control over the entire cultural life in Germany creating and promoting Aryan art consistent with Nazi ideals. Every artist had to apply for membership on presentation of an Aryan certificate. A rejected inscription ''de facto'' resulted in an occupational ban. Structure and organisation The RKK was affiliated with the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda with its seat on Wilhelmplatz in Berlin. Headed by Goebbels himself, a state secretary of his ministry served as vice president: * Walther Funk (1933–1938) * K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleichschaltung
The Nazi term (), meaning "synchronization" or "coordination", was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler—leader of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, Germany—established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society "from the Economy of Nazi Germany, economy and German Labour Front, trade associations to the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, media, Reich Chamber of Culture, culture and Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture, education". Although the Weimar Constitution remained nominally in effect throughout Government of Nazi Germany, Hitler's dictatorship, near total Nazification was achieved by 1935 with the resolutions approved during that year's Nuremberg Rally, fusing the symbols of the party and the state (see Flag of Nazi Germany) and depriving German Jews of their citizenship (see Nuremberg Laws). The tenets of ''Gleichschaltung'', including the Nuremberg Laws, also applied to German-o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
