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Art Education In The United States
Art Education in the United States refers to the practice of teaching art in American public schools. Before the democratization of education, particularly as promoted by educational philosopher John Dewey, apprenticeship was the traditional route for attaining an education in art. Alongside John Dewey, Elliot Eisner was a leading advocate for the inclusion of art in modern curriculum. Since the first introduction of art in public schooling in 1821, art education in the United States has faced many changes and many stages of growth. Early art education in the United States Art education was first introduced to public schooling in 1821 as a result of the need for architectural designers during the Industrial Revolution. As public schooling began to grow nationwide, so did subjective interest in art instruction. In the 1870's, some states began to provide funds to their public schools in pursuit of developing art curriculum. Around this time, art materials, like paint and paper, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archives Of American Art - A Life Class For Adults At The Brooklyn Museum, Under The Auspice Of The New York City WPA Art Project - 11039
An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials – in any medium – or the physical facility in which they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as "the secretions of an organism", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity. In general, archives consist of records that have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation on grounds of their enduring cultural, historical, or evidentiary value. Archival records are normally unpublished and almost alway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Elkins (art Historian)
James Elkins (born 1955) is an American art historian and art critic. He is E.C. Chadbourne Chair of art history, theory, and criticism at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He also coordinates the Stone Summer Theory Institute, a short term school on contemporary art history based at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Education *BA, cum laude, 1977, Cornell University *MFA and MA, 1984, University of Chicago *PhD with honors, 1989, University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chic ... Publications *Pictures and Tears: A History of People Who Have Cried in Front of Paintings *Chinese Landscape Painting as Western Art History *Pictures of the Body: Pain and Metamorphosis *The Domain of Images *How to Use Your Eyes *What Painting Is *The Poetics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Core
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, is an educational initiative from 2010 that details what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade. The initiative is sponsored by the National Governors Association and Council of Chief State School Officers. The initiative also seeks to establish consistent educational standards across the states as well as ensure that students graduating from high school are prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce. Background In the 1990s, a movement began in the U.S. to establish national educational standards for students across the country. * (a) outlining what students were expected to know and do at each grade level * (b) implementing ways to find out if they were meeting those standards. Development In late 2008, the NGA convened a group of people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theory Of Multiple Intelligences
The theory of multiple intelligences proposes the differentiation of human intelligence into specific modalities of intelligence, rather than defining intelligence as a single, general ability. The theory has been criticized by mainstream psychology for its lack of empirical evidence, and its dependence on subjective judgement. Separation criteria According to the theory, an intelligence 'modality' must fulfill eight criteria: # potential for brain isolation by brain damage # place in evolutionary history # presence of core operations # susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression) # a distinct developmental progression # the existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people # support from experimental psychology # support from psychometric findings Intelligence modalities In ''Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences'' (1983) and its sequels, Howard Gardner proposed eight abilities that manifest multiple intelligences. Musical-rhythmic and harmonic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Howard Gardner
Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943) is an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Research Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. He is currently the senior director of Harvard Project Zero, and since 1995, he has been the co-director of The Good Project.Gordon, Lynn Melby. "Gardner, Howard (1943–)." Encyclopedia of Human Development. Ed. Neil J. Salkind. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2006. 552-553. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. October 27, 2014. Gardner has written hundreds of research articles and thirty books that have been translated into more than thirty languages. He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences, as outlined in his 1983 book ''Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences''. Gardner retired from teaching in 2019. In 2020, he published his intellectual memoir ''A Synthesizing Mind.'' Early life Howard Earl Gardne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arts Integration
Arts integration differs from traditional education by its inclusion of both the arts discipline and a traditional subject as part of learning (e.g. using improvisational drama skills to learn about conflict in writing.) The goal of arts integration is to increase knowledge of a general subject area while concurrently fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of the fine and performing arts. The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts defines arts integration as "an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form and another subject and meets evolving objectives in both." History of arts education and arts integration Arts integration is related to arts education in schools. Arts education, while existing in different forms during the 19th century, gained popularity as part of John Dewey's Progressive Education Theory. The first publication that de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Art Education Association
The National Art Education Association (NAEA) is a non-profit professional association founded in 1947 in the United States, headquartered in Alexandria, VA. It is the world's largest professional art education association. The NAEA's annual convention attracts thousands of art educators and offers art educators a chance to network, establish mentor relationships, and attend professional development events. The NAEA also gives awards for Art Educator of the Year at this convention. Along with the Art & Creative Materials Institute, in 1969, the NAEA began sponsoring March as Youth Art Month. Since 1984, Youth Art Month has been run by the Council for Art Education, Inc., which consists of representatives of the NAEA and other art associations. As an advocacy organization, the NAEA speaks out in favor of increased funding for art education, and opposing cuts to art funding. The NAEA has 21 interest groups, including the Seminar for Research in Art Education (SRAE, est. 1970), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americans For The Arts
Americans for the Arts is a nonprofit organization whose primary focus is advancing the arts in the United States. With offices in Washington, D.C., and New York City, with more than 50 years of service. Americans for the Arts is dedicated to representing and serving local communities and creating opportunities for every American to participate in and appreciate all forms of the arts. Americans for the Arts founded in 1996 as a result of a merger between the ''National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies'' (NALAA) and the ''American Council for the Arts'' (ACA). In 2005, the two merged again with Arts & Business Council Inc., also known as Arts & Business Council of New York. Goals Its mission to serve, advance, and lead the network of organizations and individuals who cultivate, promote, sustain, and support the arts in America. Americans for the Arts focuses on four primary goals: * Lead and serve individuals and organizations to help build environments in which the arts and art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. The act did not assert a national achievement standard—each state developed its own standards. NCLB expanded the federal role in public education through further emphasis on annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, and teacher qualifications, as well as significant changes in funding. While the bill faced challenges from both Democrats and Republicans, it passed in both chambers of the legislature with significan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnet Schools
In the U.S. education system, magnet schools are public schools with specialized courses or curricula. "Magnet" refers to how the schools draw students from across the normal boundaries defined by authorities (usually school boards) as school zones that feed into certain schools. Attending them is voluntary. There are magnet schools at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. In the United States, where education is decentralized, some magnet schools are established by school districts and draw only from the district, while others are set up by state governments and may draw from multiple districts. Other magnet programs are within comprehensive schools, as is the case with several "schools within a school". In large urban areas, several magnet schools with different specializations may be combined into a single "center," such as Skyline High School in Dallas. Other countries have similar types of schools, such as specialist schools in the United Kingdom. Most of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Criticism
Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of visual art. Art critics usually criticize art in the context of aesthetics or the theory of beauty. A goal of art criticism is the pursuit of a rational basis for art appreciation but it is questionable whether such criticism can transcend prevailing socio-political circumstances. The variety of artistic movements has resulted in a division of art criticism into different disciplines which may each use different criteria for their judgements. The most common division in the field of criticism is between historical criticism and evaluation, a form of art history, and contemporary criticism of work by living artists. Despite perceptions that art criticism is a much lower risk activity than making art, opinions of current art are always liable to drastic corrections with the passage of time. Critics of the past are often ridiculed for dismissing artists now venerated (like the early work of the Impressionists). Some art movements th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Art Association
The College Art Association of America (CAA) is the principal organization in the United States for professionals in the visual arts, from students to art historians to emeritus faculty. Founded in 1911, it "promotes these arts and their understanding through advocacy, intellectual engagement, and a commitment to the diversity of practices and practitioners." CAA currently has individual members across the United States and internationally; and institutional members, such as libraries, academic departments, and museums located in the United States. The organization's programs, standards and guidelines, advocacy, intellectual engagement, and commitment to the diversity of practices and practitioners, align with its broad and diverse membership. CAA publications, programs and grants CAA publishes several academic journals, including ''The Art Bulletin'', one of the foremost journals for art historians in English, and '' Art Journal'', a quarterly journal devoted to twentieth- and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
